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51.
Testing the bases of ethical decision-making: a study of the New Zealand auditing profession 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports on a survey of auditors in New Zealand which investigates the nature of the moral judgements they make on a series of problems with ethical dimensions. The framework adopted for this purpose is developed from earlier work which identifies a range of ethical principles which may be involved in business ethical decision-making. Auditors responded to a questionnaire which posed, firstly, several questions about the context of their ethical decision-making, and secondly, a series of vignettes elaborating problematical dilemmas which required the selection of one of four possible responses. Data was analysed to determine whether or not it confirmed previous findings in suggesting a predominant ethical orientation for auditors. The results were correlated with demographic variables in order to determine whether or not age, gender, position in firm and size of employee firm were significantly correlated to ethical response. The survey results, on the whole, confirmed the ethical orientation suggested by previous findings, but there were some unexpected results in three out of the ten vignettes examined. Although some correlations were found between the demographic variables and subject responses, the evidence of this survey does not strongly suggest a consistent significant correlation. 相似文献
52.
Jack W. Paul 《Business Horizons》2005,48(4):303
Segment reporting creates an opportunity for companies to add value to the information they disseminate about their industry and geographic operations. This article examines the “management approach” to segment reporting from a user perspective that should be of great interest to corporate financial executives. The management approach to segment reporting requires companies to report segment financial information consistent with the way they manage their businesses. We conclude that, despite more segment data being reported, the potential of the new management approach to significantly benefit users is compromised by uneven compliance among reporting companies. The complicity of external auditors in compliance shortcomings should concern all stakeholders in the financial reporting process. Noting two high-profile examples of accounting fraud, we comment on how the management approach sheds light on Enron's operations, while WorldCom concealed important segment information due to probable auditor malfeasance. 相似文献
53.
Jack Kleinhenz 《Business Economics》2014,49(4):207-210
NABE has engaged in a major “roadmapping” exercise to develop its strategies for the long term. Its goal was to determine NABE’s purpose, values, direction, and the means of achieving its goals. Four major initiatives are presented and discussed; and the importance of continuing professional education is emphasized, as is the critical role of NABE members’ participation in its activities. 相似文献
54.
Sustainable and ethical leadership in the financial industry expand in importance since the financial crisis of 2007–2009. This research examined the level of sustainable and ethical leadership of leaders in mortgage loan originator (MLO) organizations, as perceived by loan originators. The Perceived Leadership Survey (PLIS) developed by Craig and Gustafson (Leadersh Q 9(2):127–145, 1998) and the Sustainable Leadership Questionnaire (SLQ) developed by McCann and Holt (Int J Sustain Strat Manage 2(2):204–210, 2011) were utilized for this research. The survey results yielded high levels of both ethical and sustainable leadership. Employees also felt their leadership was encouraging ethical and sustainable behavior. However, correlations between the PLIS and SLQ did not prove to be dependent or closely correlated. 相似文献
55.
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57.
S. Prakash Sethi David B. Lowry Emre A. Veral H. Jack Shapiro Olga Emelianova 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,103(1):1-30
Environmental degradation and extractive industry are inextricably linked, and the industry’s adverse impact on air, water,
and ground resources has been exacerbated with increased demand for raw materials and their location in some of the more environmentally
fragile areas of the world. Historically, companies have managed to control calls for regulation and improved, i.e., more
expensive, mining technologies by (a) their importance in economic growth and job creation or (b) through adroit use of their
economic power and bargaining leverage against weak national governments, regional and international regulatory bodies. More
recently, the industry has had to contend with another set of challenges that involved treatment of indigenous people and
their traditional land rights, fair treatment of workers, human rights abuses, and bribery and corruption involving local
officials and political leaders. These challenges currently fall outside the traditional areas of regulation and control.
Nevertheless, they pose serious threat to the industry’s business practices because of their global scope, threat to company’s
reputation, and long-term risks of political instability leading to increasing cost of capital. Industry has responded to
these challenges by creating voluntary codes of conduct that would signify their intent to comply with higher standards of
conduct, and assuage public opinion that no further action is called for. These codes, however, lack any monitoring mechanism
and reporting integrity to assure the public that the industry members are indeed meeting their commitments. Consequently,
pressure on the industry continues unabated and with ever increasing calls for mandatory regulation and oversight. This article
examines the activities of one mining company, Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold, Inc., which has taken a radically different
approach in responding to these challenges at its mining operations in West Papua, Indonesia. While cooperating with industry-based
efforts of voluntary codes of conduct, Freeport also initiated a radically different response through its own voluntary code
that would directly focus on issues of human rights, treatment of indigenous people on whose traditional land its mine was
located; economic development and job creation and, improvements in health, education, and housing facilities, to name a few.
Additionally, the company earmarked large sums of money and involved representatives of the indigenous people in their management
and disbursement. The company took an even more radical action when it committed itself to independent external audits of
the company’s compliance with the code, and that these findings and company’s responses would be made public without prior
censorship by the company. We analyze the nature of corporate culture, vision and risk-taking propensities of its management
that would impel the company to embark on a high risk strategy whose outcomes could not be predicted with any degree of certainty
before the fact. The parent company also had to confront discontent among the management ranks at the mine site because of
cultural differences and management styles of expatriates and local (Indonesian) managers. Finally, we discuss in some detail
the extensive and intensive character of a two phase audit conducted by the outside monitors, their findings, and the process
by which they were implemented and reported to general public. We also evaluate the strengths and challenges posed by such
audits, their importance to the company’s future, and how such projects might be undertaken by other companies. 相似文献
58.
The marketing literature reflects remarkable inconsistency in defining two of its most frequently used terms, “the marketing concept” and “market orientation”. Through a critical review of the marketing literature and an empirical analysis of data collected from 248 Canadian firms, the authors established a four‐component measure of “market orientation”. The resulting multi‐factor, multi‐item instrument provides a foundation for future studies. 相似文献
59.
This paper uses three panel unit-root tests and finds that real per capita GDP for OECD countries and a European subsample converge stochastically for the period 1948–87 but not for the entire sample of 1900–87. For the postwar period, the differential in income gaps or speed of adjustment is eliminated at an annual rate of 4–8% for OECD economies, and 6–9% for European economies. 相似文献
60.
Several countries have adopted legally separated share markets (LSSM), where local firms market separate claims to the same dividend flow to domestic and foreign investors who cannot arbitrage across LSSM. We designed a laboratory experiment to test whether the inside information in one LSSM is reflected in the prices of both markets. We find that insider information does transfer across markets. The extent of this transfer depends upon whether the location of insiders is publicly known, how close prices in the informed market get to the full information equilibrium, and how much the price variance is in this market. We also observe insiders' behavior and performance under different market conditions. Efforts by insiders to manipulate the market increase when their location is unknown to the public. On average such efforts pay off to the whole group of insiders but not to the initiator of these manipulative transactions. 相似文献