Food-For-Work versus Cash-For-Work: Emergency Assistance in Palestine

In this paper we analyse the provision of emergency assistance (food assistance, cash transfers, employment programmes, etc) to a country whose economy has been decimated since the start of the second intifada. We try to simulate the different potential effects brought about by these different policies and, in particular, to draw some policy implications concerning the Food-for-Work versus Cash-for-Work debate. To that end we have constructed a general equilibrium model of the Palestinian economy that we calibrate on the (pre-intifada) Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of 1998. We give a so-called 'intifada-shock' to construct a counterfactual 'post-intifada' SAM which serves as basis for our policy simulations. We show that monetary aid from abroad is to be preferred to food aid from abroad. We argue that a labour-oriented approach (subsidizing the most labour-intensive sectors) is to be preferred to a welfare-oriented approach where the subsidized sectors produce those goods that dominate the consumption basket.     

制造企业的供应链采购管理策略分析

制造企业的材料采购是很重要的环节。本文运用系统的方法,提出了在制造企业供应链采购管理难点和存在的诸多问题,并提出完善信息网络,建立采购信息数据库;重视采购成本的综合考虑;从对采购商品的管理转变为对供应商的管理等策略,期望为制造企业的采购管理提供借鉴。     

Why buy organic rice? genetic algorithm‐based fuzzy association mining rules for means‐end chain data

While empirical studies of organic food consumption have centred primarily on European and North American countries, the amount of research occurring in Asian countries is increasing. This article describes the attributes, consequences, and values influencing consumer perceptions and adoption of organic rice in Taiwan, where rice is the major food. Based on a means‐end chain (MEC) rationale, regulatory focus theory and self‐construal theory, this article describes the attributes, consequences and values influencing Taiwanese consumer perceptions and adoption of organic rice. Using a questionnaire and a sample of 300 organic food shoppers in Taiwan, we applied the MEC technique in a different fashion via the proposed genetic algorithm‐based fuzzy association mining rules (GFAMR) algorithm to depict the attribute‐consequence‐value links to purchasing organic rice. This study has at least two merits: (a) it is among the first integrating regulatory focus theory, self‐construal theory and MEC to explore the reason why Taiwanese consumers purchase organic rice and (b) it introduces a new method to quantitatively deal with MEC analysis. The results show that the most important ultimate values are fun and enjoyment in life and security, which are in line with the promotion focus and prevention focus, respectively, of regulatory focus theory. Furthermore, we found three consumer segments related to organic rice: prevention focused housekeepers, promotion‐focused egoists, and promotion‐focused (meta‐personal self) altruists. The different paths found in the results can also provide green companies and policy makers with more information about organic rice consumers, allowing them to craft better marketing and communication strategies by which to promote organic food.     

The recent boom–bust cycle: The relative contribution of capital flows, credit supply and asset bubbles

We use an estimated open economy DSGE model with financial frictions for the US and the rest of the world to evaluate various competing explanations about the recent boom–bust cycle. We find that the savings glut hypothesis is insufficient for explaining all aspects of the boom in the US. Relatively strong TFP growth and expansionary monetary policy are also not able to explain fully the volatility of corporate and in particular residential investment. We identify bubbles in the stock and housing market as crucial. Concerning the downturn in 2008/2009, the fall in house prices and residential investment only plays a minor role. Mortgage defaults have more explanatory power, especially in a specification of the model with a segregated equity market. Finally, the bursting of the stock market bubble was at least as important in this recession as in 2001. Because of various negative shocks hitting the economy at the same time in 2008/2009 and continued positive technology growth, not only the real interest rate declined but inflation fell rapidly and left insufficient room for monetary policy to play a similar stabilising role as in previous recessions.     

Normality test for multivariate conditional heteroskedastic dynamic regression models

In this paper, we study the Jarque-Bera test for the normality of the innovations of multivariate GARCH models. It is shown that the test is distribution free and its limiting null distribution is a chi-square distribution.     

The challenge of understanding decisions in experimental studies of common pool resource governance

Common pool resource experiments in the laboratory and the field have provided insights that have contrasted to those derived from conventional non-cooperative game theory. Contrary to predictions from non-cooperative game theory, participants are sometimes willing to restrain voluntarily from over extracting resources and use costly punishment to sanction other participants. Something as simple as face-to-face communication has been shown to increase average earnings significantly. In the next generation of experiments, both in the laboratory and in the field, we need to extract more information that provides insight concerning why people make the decisions they make. More information is needed concerning attributes of individuals as well as the social and social-ecological context in which they interact that may give rise to such deviations from theoretical predictions. In the process of extracting more information from participants and the contexts in which they interact, we face several methodological and ethical challenges which we address in this paper.     

不同专利申请动机下企业R&D效率研究——以浙江省高新技术企业为例

基于459家浙江省高新技术企业的调查问卷统计分析结果,讨论了浙江省高新技术企业的专利申请动机,并将之归纳为"拓宽市场和营销"、"获得垄断收益"和"设置专利阻拦"三种。运用DEA方法对三种专利申请动机下的样本企业的R&D效率进行了全面分析。研究结果表明,以"获得垄断收益"为专利申请动机的企业的R&D效率最高,此动机有助于企业提高R&D效率。     

企业外部技术联系渠道与技术创新绩效的关系

基于"火炬计划统计报表"的分类,归纳出5个企业外部技术联系渠道,即大学、国内研究机构、国内企业、国外企业及国外研究机构。以514家浙江高新技术企业为样本,对5个外部技术联系渠道与企业技术创新绩效的关系进行了研究。结果表明:来自大学的技术对企业的专利申请数和新产品数的影响显著;来自国内研究机构的技术只对专利申请数具有显著影响;来自国外研究机构的技术对技术创新绩效无显著作用;来自国外企业的技术对新产品数的影响显著;来自国内企业的技术对技术创新绩效无显著影响。     

论私募股权投资的委托代理与价值流转

私募股权投资作为金融领域新兴起的一个产业,其运作管理过程中的委托代理问题已由许多学者作过探讨。文章探讨了投资者货币资本、基金管理者人力资本、企业经营者人力资本、企业实物资本在私募股权投资的委托代理关系中的价值流转过程,并论述了私募股权投资过程中组织机制和契约安排对价值流转的作用机理。     

中国古代和西方的农业可持续发展思想对河南省农业发展的启示

在河南地区农业现代化进程中存在着许多农业不可持续发展的问题,治理这些问题成为河南省贯彻农业发展,巩固河南粮食大省地位的关键环节,中国古代和西方的农业可持续发展的思想对河南省农业可持续发展具有巨大的启示作用,据此,我们结合河南地区的具体情况,通过制定一些切实可行的措施来保证河南农业的可持续发展。