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991.
Fakhroddin MohammadRezaei Norman Mohd‐Saleh Romlah Jaffar Mohamat Sabri Hassan 《International Journal of Auditing》2016,20(1):87-100
Audit services were provided exclusively by a state entity in Iran until late 2001, when the audit market was liberalised. The liberalisation of the audit market resulted in increased competition, as more private auditors became licensed to operate and provide audit services. The present study examines the effects of audit market liberalisation and auditor type (i.e., state and private auditors) on audit opinions. It is predicted that increased competition in the audit market may reduce the relative bargaining power of auditors, which can compromise auditors’ independence when issuing audit opinions. The present study also investigates whether the process of issuing audit opinions is influenced by the government, thus resulting in a lower rate of modified audit opinions issued by state auditors compared to those issued by private auditors. Importantly, this study develops an explanation based upon a bargaining power view of auditor independence in issuing audit opinions and upon the limitations of the explanation for the circumstances in which auditor and owner interests are aligned in the case of government entities. The present study analyses the data of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 1999 and 2010. The findings, after controlling for auditor choice, reveal that modified audit opinions have decreased following the liberalisation of the audit market in Iran, and compared to private auditors, state auditors have issued fewer modified audit opinions. The findings suggest that increased competition in the audit market is more likely to decrease the relative bargaining power of auditors and that there is a significant concern regarding audit opinions when both auditee and auditor are state‐controlled entities. 相似文献
992.
Antonio Matas‐Mir Denise R. Osborn Marco J. Lombardi 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2008,23(2):257-278
We study the impact of seasonal adjustment on the properties of business cycle expansion and recession regimes using analytical, simulation and empirical methods. Analytically, we show that the X‐11 adjustment filter both reduces the magnitude of change at turning points and reduces the depth of recessions, with specific effects depending on the length of the recession. A Monte Carlo analysis using Markov‐switching models confirms these properties, with particularly undesirable effects in delaying the recognition of the end of a recession. However, seasonal adjustment can help to clarify the true regime when this is well underway. These results continue to hold when a seasonally non‐stationary process with regime‐dependent mean is misspecified as one with deterministic seasonal effects. The empirical findings, based on four coincident US business cycle indicators, reinforce the analytical and simulation results by showing that seasonal adjustment leads to the identification of longer and shallower recessions than obtained using unadjusted data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
This article argues that lessons on how to achieve a sustainable financial system can be learnt from the work done on sustainable commons (on common‐pool resources – CPRs – where there is no ‘tragedy of the commons’). Existing approaches to financial regulation may not give proper attention to available solutions. The article proposes that innovative solutions could be tested using experimental methods commonly used in CPRs: repeat run, feedback driven games. 相似文献
994.
In the era of a graying workforce, individuals and their employers are concerned with the impact of the graying workforce on the level of engagement at work. Contrary to the myths about older workers being less engaged, statistics have shown that the level of engagement is higher as people age. Within the broad framework of conservation of resources theory in the area of work engagement, the current study aims to clarify how older workers are more engaged at work than younger workers. Building upon socioemotional selectivity theory and continuity theory from a life‐span perspective, we explain how individuals gain more resources as they age, including the abilities to regulate emotion and to maintain a career identity. We argue that this positive relationship between age and resources explains why older people have high levels of work engagement. We tested our predictions with a sample of 613 workers in the United States. The study demonstrates that well‐regulated emotion and strong commitment to career mediate the positive relationship between age and work engagement simultaneously. These findings contribute to the understanding of an aging workforce's engagement in the workplace. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
995.
Liang‐Chieh Cheng David E. Cantor Curtis M. Grimm Martin E. Dresner 《Journal of Supply Chain Management》2014,50(4):62-75
In this article, we investigate supply chain–related drivers that contribute to organizational flexibility (i.e., the ability of top management to be responsive to a firm's internal and external needs). Organizational flexibility occurs when a firm outsources manufacturing and operates with a more flexible structure. Drawing upon the supply network perspective, this study develops hypotheses relating attributes of the supplier, customer, and focal industries to the use of a flexible organizational strategy. Using an industry‐level data set to test the hypotheses, we show that heterogeneity of supply sources and scale economies (in the focal and downstream industries) are positively associated with a greater degree of organizational flexibility, in terms of contract manufacturing in the focal industry. However, industry concentration levels in the focal and downstream industries are negatively associated with organizational flexibility. 相似文献
996.
This paper empirically investigates the changing dynamics of fiscal policy shocks on Japan's macroeconomy. By estimating a Markov‐switching vector‐autoregressive (VAR) model, regime switches in both automatic fiscal responses to output and discretionary fiscal shocks are endogenously investigated. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, structural changes occurred in the mid‐1970s, early 1990s, late 1990s and late 2000s. Second, in contrast to the other regimes, expansionary fiscal shocks depress output and consumption in the third regime. Third, the twin‐deficit hypothesis holds in the second to fourth regimes. 相似文献
997.
Mark Wickham‐Jones 《英国劳资关系杂志》2014,52(1):33-56
Most scholars conclude that the introduction of one member, one vote (OMOV) into the electoral college that chooses the Labour leader demonstrates a new, reduced role for the party's affiliated trade unions. This article examines the adoption of OMOV by Labour. It looks at discussions in the Labour party–trade union review group that moulded the decision to adopt OMOV during 1992–1993. Drawing on the full breakdown of results, it goes on to examine the outcome of the 1994 leadership contest. The distribution of votes, union by union, indicates that, contrary to the conventional view, trade union leaderships retained the capacity to shape the pattern of voting through their ability to nominate candidates. The article concludes that the introduction of OMOV did not reduce the role of trade union leaderships in Labour's internal affairs in the manner that many scholars have concluded to be the case. 相似文献
998.
A series of seminal papers argues that poaching hampers company‐sponsored general training. Empirically, however, the existence and extent of poaching remain open questions. We provide a novel empirical strategy to identify poaching. We find that only few apprenticeship training firms in Germany are ‘poaching victims’ or ‘poaching raiders’. Victims are more likely to be in a temporary downturn and raiders are more likely to be growing. Victims hardly change their training strategy after poaching and poaching seems be a transitory event. This is an important result for countries that intend to introduce apprenticeship‐type training and need to convince firms to participate in training. 相似文献
999.
This study investigates the impact of three different audit report formats on shareholders' and auditors' perceptions. The formats are derived from the Guidance Note Report to Australian Standard AUS702 which aims to improve communications between auditors and shareholders. Formats include an expanded report, a ‘plain language’ expanded report with the audit opinion at the end, and a ‘plain language’ expanded report with the audit opinion at the start. A questionnaire research instrument was mailed to shareholders and auditors. In general, the audit report formats did not reduce the expectations gap between shareholders and auditors. A greater number of significant differences between shareholders' and auditors' perceptions were evident for the expanded format (vis‐à‐vis the AUS 702 short format), while fewer significant differences existed for the ‘plain language’ expanded report with the audit opinion at the start. 相似文献
1000.
Elena Escrig‐Olmedo María Jesús Muñoz‐Torres María Ángeles Fernández‐Izquierdo Juana María Rivera‐Lirio 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2017,26(2):142-162
Assessing corporate environmental performance (CEP) that is both comprehensive and consistent with sustainable development both for society and companies, while at the same time taking heed of the facts and interests of each stakeholder, is not a simple feat. Due to the multidimensional character of the sustainability concept, several questions must be considered in the evaluation process: (i) the qualitative nature of indicators and the complexity of developing a synthetic index; (ii) the difficulty of choosing properly statistical techniques for aggregation and (iii) the difficulty of introducing stakeholders’ preferences in the assessment models. This paper is an attempt to address this challenge by developing a framework for the assessment of CEP, based on the application of a fuzzy multi‐criterion decision‐making (MCDM) method. To achieve positive scores in a CEP assessment, an organization should be strategically committed and engage in environmental management and governance structures that are translated into good results in terms of both engagement and operational performance. Unless such premises are explicitly incorporated into the assessment criteria, the results would reveal that the CEP measurement could not be brought into a line with an earnest ambition of achieving true sustainable development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献