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991.
Farm Performance, Direct Payments and EU Enlargement This article attempts to shed light on the recent performance of farms in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, contrasting it with the situation in two regions of existing EU Member States as a means for stimulating a debate on the likely nature of agricultural restructuring in an enlarged EU. Data were extracted from FADN surveys and performance is measured in terms of three cost-revenue ratios that vary in terms of the valuation of unpaid land and labour input, and direct budgetary transfers. There is no neat divide between established and new EU Member States in terms of the cost-revenue ratios presented; rather the main differences concern the level of capitalisation and wage rates. The analysis indicates that Hungarian farms have the best prospects amongst the analysed CEECs, which is in contrast to the poor returns and structural problems evident in Poland. In the latter case the returns to own labour and land are exceptionally low and the majority of farms persist through a lack of other employment options and a degree of self-exploitation. To deal with this problem, the stimulation of the non-farm rural economy is paramount but the introduction of CAP first pillar support may hinder structural adjustment. Performance des exploitations, paiements directs et élargissement de l'UE Les performances récentes d'exploitations tchéques, hongroises et polonaises sont ici comparées à celles observées dans deux régions d'Etats membres de l'UE, afin d' éclairer et de stimuler le débat sur les restructurations probables de l'agriculture dans l'UE élargie. Les donnes proviennent du RICA, et les performances sont mesurées par trois rapports coûts/revenus, associés a l' évaluation du travail familial et de la terre en faire-valoir direct, ainsi que par les transferts budgéaires directs. II n'y a pas de différences fondamentales entre les anciens et les nouveaux Européens sous l'angle des trois critéres présentés ici. Les plus sensibles concernent les salaires et le niveau de capitalisation. Dans les PECO, les Hongrois ont les meilleures perspectives de performances, ce qui les oppose aux mauvais résultats et aux problémes structurels des Polonais. Dans ce dernier cas, les rémunérations du travail familial et de la terre en propriété sont exceptionnellement basses. Dans leur majorité, les exploitations ne survivent que du fait de Fabsence d'autré opportunite d'emplois, et grâce à une trés forte auto-exploitation du travail, Dans une telle situation, la stimulation du secteur rural non agricole est essentielle, mais l'introduction des aides associées au premier pilier de la PAC pourrait gêner l'ajustement nécessaire. Wirtschaftlicher Erfolg von Landwirtschaftsbetrie ben, Direktzahiungen und EU-Erweiterung Mit diesem Beitrag soll der wirtschaftliche Erfolg in der jüngeren Vergangenheit von Landwirtschaftsbetrieben in der Tschechischen Republik, Ungarn und Polen beleuchtet werden, indem ein Vergleich mit der Lage in zwei Regionen in bisherigen EU-Mitgliedstaaten gezogen wird, um zu einer Debatte über die mögliche Art und Weise der landwirtschaftlichen Restrukturierung in der erweiterten EU anzuregen. An Hand von Daten aus dem INLB wird der wirtschaftliche Erfolg mit Hilfe von drei Kosten-Erlös-Verhältniszahlen ermittelt, weiche sich im Hinblick auf die Bewertung von nicht entlohntem Boden und Arbeitskräften sowie direkte Einkommensübertragungen unterscheiden. Im Hinblick auf die vorgelegten Kosten-Erlös-Verhältnisse liegt keine Ware Trennlinie zwischen den alten und den neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten vor; die Hauptunterschiede beziehen sich eher auf die Kapitalverzinsung und die Löhnsatze. Die Analyse ergibt, dass die ungarischen Landwirtschaftsbetriebe von alien untersuchten MOEL die besten Zukunftsaussichten aufweisen, im Gegensatz zu der geringen Verzinsung und den strukturellen Problemen in Polen. Hier 1st die Entlohnung der eigenen Arbeit und des eigenen Landes außergewöhnlich gering, und die überwiegende Anzahl der Betriebe wird nur durch einen Mangel an anderen Beschaßtigungsmöglichkeiten und ein gewisses Maß an Selbstausbeutung aufrecht erhalten. Zur Lösung dieses Problems muss der auißerlandwirtschaftlichen ländlichen Wirtschaft Priorität eingeräumt werden; jedoch könnte die Einführung der Stützung im Rahmen der ersten Säule der GAP die strukturelle Anpassung hemmen. 相似文献
992.
Abe Keita Anderson Christopher M. Reimer Matthew N. 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2022,82(4):953-984
Environmental and Resource Economics - We model harvesters’ temporal participation behavior in a fishery with individual quotas for both a target and bycatch species. Harvesters make... 相似文献
993.
Matthew C. Sonfield Robert N. Lussier 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(4):395-415
The purpose of this study was to investigate, in a multi-country context, the inclusion of family-member managers and non-family-member
managers in family businesses, and the relationship of this variable to certain management activities, styles and characteristics.
A large sample (N = 593) of family businesses was generated from six countries (Croatia, Egypt, France, India, Kuwait and the United States),
countries with significant differences in cultures, economies, levels of entrepreneurial activity, and family business demographics.
Correlation and then Regression results indicate that, as the percentage of non-family-managers in the management team increases,
there is an increase in the use of outside assistance, the use of sophisticated financial management, and the consideration of going public; but
a decrease in family member conflict, in the original founder’s influence, and in the formulation of succession plans. Implications
of these findings, for practitioners, consultants and researchers, are presented. 相似文献
994.
Matthew Rafferty 《Southern economic journal》2005,71(3):582-591
This article examines the relationship between output volatility and long-run growth for 18 developed countries between 1880 and 1990. The analysis builds on the existing literature by decomposing output growth volatility into expected and unexpected components and then examining whether the types of volatility have different effects on long-run growth. The results are consistent with the view that unexpected volatility reduces long-run growth and that expected volatility increases long-run growth. The results also suggest that the combined effect of expected and unexpected volatility is to reduce long-run growth for most countries and most time periods. 相似文献
995.
The determinants of excess dividend payments above mandatory requirements in real estate investment trusts (REITs) are evaluated. Payment of excess dividends is related to factors associated with reduced agency costs, strong operating performance, the implementation of a stock repurchase plan and an ability to access short-term bank debt. Recognizing that access to external capital is essential for long-term growth, REITs manage dividend policy to allow for capital acquisition in the form of both equity and debt. The acquisition and use of short-term bank debt provides REIT management flexibility in determining dividend policy. 相似文献
996.
997.
Andrew C. Pickett Andrew Goldsmith Zack Damon Matthew Walker 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2016,38(3):199-214
As the physical activity marketplace becomes increasingly diversified, strategies for recruiting and maintaining participants have become especially salient. Accordingly, the current study examined the use of a commonly reported outcome of fitness participation, sense of community (SOC), as an antecedent in generating both value and the perception of progress for participants. Three fitness contexts, CrossFit, traditional group fitness activities, and individual gym goers, were chosen based on varying levels of explicit commitment to community building. SOC was first measured in three contexts to explore differences among settings. After establishing differences between groups, multiple regression analysis was employed to understand the ways in which SOC affected dimensions of value. Results indicated that an explicit commitment to community building was positively associated with higher value of the fitness product and perceptions of individual progress. Strategy and benefits for encouraging the development of SOC in a fitness context are discussed. 相似文献
998.
Claire Lee Matthew Grigorian Ryan Nolan Gary Binder Gary Rice 《Journal of medical economics》2016,19(4):397-402
999.
We find that adding a hedge fund to an optimally weighted portfolio of stocks and T-bills generally increases the utility
of an investor. From a sample of hedge funds with returns from 1996 to 2005, the certainty equivalent was an average of five
basis points (monthly) higher with a ten percent allocation into a hedge fund. Funds from different style categories require
different allocations into the stock market, but nearly all funds improved performance. Contrary to popular opinion, we find
that highly risk-averse investors gain even more than less risk-averse investors by adding a hedge fund into their portfolio. 相似文献
1000.