Terrorism and tourism as logical companions

The symbiotic relationship between terrorism and tourism needs to be understood and acted on, not just in terms of security and marketing, but in terms of such factors as planning, site development, employment policies, political risk analysis and emergency management. This article looks at the relationship between tourism and terrorism from several perspectives. The political and economic impact of terrorism on tourism is assessed, including the sensitivity of the tourism industry to general political strife and the vulnerability of travellers and tourist facilities to terroristic activity. The nature of terroristic violence and the objectives of terrorist groups are evaluated to determine why and how attacks on tourists and facilities may fit the organizational and political objectives of terrorist groups. Finally, the article suggests how the industry and policy makers must proceed to reduce the vulnerability for tourists and the travel sector.     

Deterrence—A strategy that pays

Military strategy is directly relevant to current business conditions. While business always has used attack strategies to acquire market share and defense strategies to protect market territory, deterrence—the indirect approach—has been largely ignored. But deterrence is the ultimate business strategy. It offers companies the opportunity to win conflicts in the marketplace without resorting to fratricidal battles with competitors.     

微波反馈放大器匹配及增益带宽的研究

本文介绍的是小信号微波反馈放大器的分析与综合。放大器是采用通常的增益级的框图,并取并联反馈。文中提供全部网络元件值的估算和预测闭环宽频带增益、带宽和双端口的匹配值。简述匹配值与增益用图解法的权衡。最后描述了综合方法并举例说明设计实例。     

Has Germany Been Europeanised or Has Europe Become (too) Germanic?

It has often been argued that European monetary unification must basically be seen as a device to Europeanise re-unified Germany. For the Germans it seemed to be the best possible way to prevent a German “Sonderweg” and end any German ambition for hegemony. For the rest of Europe, and particularly France, it seemed to be the best way to curb German monetary dominance and to secure a French imprint on EU policy-making. In this article, however, it is argued that the German impact on the economic governance regime of EMU and its fencing off the French proposal of a “gouvernement economique” is so substantial that the term “Germanic Europe” seems in fact to be appropriate. More importantly, the economic governance system of “Germanic Europe” has locked the European Union into a politics of disinflation which makes it difficult for the EU to prosper and reap the potential fruits of European integration.

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* This paper was written while the author was a guest researcher at the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI), Brussels, from March to April 2005. He is most grateful to Andrew Watt for his help and the ETUI for its support.     

解非线性电路稳态响应的一种有效算法

本文提供一种计算非线性电路的稳态响应的有效算法,在多频信号激励的强迫振荡电路和耦合振荡电路都可使用。该方法可称为“代换算法”。因为,它每一步的变量都是用残留误差的各个频率分量解关联时不变电路,该电路是用“松弛法”将时变电路转换而来。此算法非常简单而有效,并且可应用于各种非线性电路。     

安全联盟与经济合作研究——基于四种联盟类型的分析

联盟建立的初衷是为了满足国家在安全上的需要。但在无政府状态的国际社会中,经济交往产生的安全外部性促进了结盟国家间贸易往来的增加,确保了联盟国家间经济交往的发展;在联盟建立和发展过程中,联盟框架内存在的议题联系机制为联盟国家之间进行安全合作的同时实现经济合作提供了相应的交往渠道和方式。同时,一国通过经济上的补偿性支付的方式向其盟国提供经济补偿,使其从经济上获益,从而确保了安全联盟的稳定。根据联盟成员间的相互依存度和利益相容性程度,联盟会表现为实力增强型联盟、协调型联盟、霸权型联盟和飘忽不定型联盟等四种类型,联盟经济在各种类型的联盟中都会发挥作用;但在不同类型的联盟中,由于上述两个变量的不同,经济合作与安全利益的关联程度会有不同的表现,补偿性支付也会发挥不同的作用。     

The Demand for Money in Canada: A Cointegration Analysis

In this Paper, using the techniques in cointegration theory, we find strong support for the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship among money demand variables in Canada. Additionally, when the conventional partial adjustment model (PAM) is compared to the two-stage error correction model (ECM), the latter approach is found to perform better, with M2+ showing better results than M2. Our results are also found to be in line with other studies from the U.K. and the U.S.A. These findings provide rationale for further in-depth studies on broader monetary aggregates to formulate sound monetary policy in Canada. [E41]