Day-care policy in France and its consequences for women: a study of the Metropolitan Paris area

Paris et sa banlieue sont les mieux loties de toutes les régions de France en équipement et en service de garde de jeunes enfants. ainsi que le plus de jeunes mères qui travaillent. Divers services de l'état, du département et de la municipalité sont responsables pour la création, la gestion, et l'agrément des services de garde. Le coût, le financement, la tarification et la disponibilité des services publics et les services privés à travers la capitale, sa proche et sa lointaine banlieue sont analysés. On trace l'affrontement qui se développe entre différentes instances de l'état autant que le rôle des partis politiques, des syndicats et d'autres groupes de pression. L'analyse de la politique en vigueur dégage certaines implications théoriques et spécifiques. Pour les jeunes mères les services de garde (leur disponibilité et leur coût) deviennent un facteur essentiel dans l'accès l'emploi. Une inégalité très nette dans celui-ci apparaît entre hommes et femmes, parisiennes et banlieusardes, femmes qualifiées et non-qualifiées.     

Rational Poverty or Poor Rationality? The Take‐up of Social Assistance Benefits

In several countries social assistance dependence has been increasing since the 1980s. After surveying the theoretical and empirical take-up literature, this study presents estimates of recent rates of non take-up of social assistance benefits. Once methodological shortcomings of prior estimations are corrected, the results show that take-up has fallen recently and thus cannot explain the rising welfare receipt. Following theoretical predictions, the probability that a rational individual takes up social assistance increases with the expected benefit amount and duration, and falls with application cost and stigma. More than half of all households eligible for transfers under the German social assistance program did not claim their benefits.     

Why Collaborate in a Physical Internet Network?—Motives and Success Factors

The vision of the Physical Internet (PI) involves both sharing logistics resources and information exchange within an open network. The implementation of PI is seen as a promising contribution toward sustainable logistics. This paper investigates motives for and success factors in collaborating in a PI network. We apply an interpretive case‐based research approach involving four shippers and three logistics service providers (LSPs) that operate in a PI network. Motives are defined as the reasons that encourage an organization to enter the PI network. Success factors are conditions required for organizations to continue collaborating in a PI network. This is the first PI study conducted in a multi‐industry context. The findings demonstrate the central and neutral orchestration of resources (i.e., physical, digital/intangible, and relational resources) as a substantial and multi‐faceted issue in PI and continuous PI collaboration. A well‐accepted theory (Resource‐Based View) and its most recent extension (Resource Orchestration Theory—ROT) frame and guide our research. ROT informs the deployment of physical, digital/intangible, and relational resources by a neutral orchestrator in a PI network. The knowledge of motives and success factors allows the development of future user‐oriented PI services that are likely to be accepted by shippers and LSPs.