我国商业银行绩效评价新思路

<正>商业银行绩效评价是商业银行战略管理的重要组成部分,选定合适的绩效评价指标并合理地确定指标权重是构建商业银行绩效评价体系的首要问题。目前,商业银行绩效评价主要方法是平衡记分卡,由于平衡记分卡中     

包容性增长:国际国内复杂形势下的新命题

从国际经济的视角看,强调"包容性增长",体现了世界均衡发展、共同发展的内涵。从国内形势而言,包容性增长是广大社会公众更好地分享改革开放与发展成果的选择。为此,需要实现利益的均衡和机会的平等,协调政府、地方、部门、企业、个人之间的利益关系。     

中国棉花种植成本收益的演变

棉花是国家重要战略储备物资,历年棉花的播种面积、产量及价格,对棉花市场造成巨大影响,也影响着棉花产业的健康发展。研究棉花种植成本的变动,直接关系到棉农的经济收益。为对我国棉花种植收益的演变进行探析,文章基于1990~2013年中国棉花种植成本收益数据,运用趋势分析与比较分析法,对我国棉花种植成本收益的变化趋势进行研究。研究发现:(1)我国棉花种植成本由1990年265.63元/667m~2,增加到2013年2 177.5元/667m~2,增加了1 911.87元/667m~2,增长了7.2倍,年均增长率9.58%;(2)成本利润率由1990年的最大值102.87%,下降到2013年-9.87%的最低值,未来提高棉花成本利润率压力较大;(3)棉花出售价格变量与棉花种植的长期平均成本变量对棉花成本利润率影响显著,未来我国棉花种植是否能够获利,价格将成为关键影响因素。研究结论:(1)我国棉花种植成本收益正处于"高投入,低产出",规模报酬递减阶段;(2)棉花出售价格变量与棉花种植的长期平均成本变量,是影响我国棉花成本利润率关键变量,且棉花出售价格变量的影响更显著。研究建议:(1)完善我国棉花价格市场形成机制,避免棉花市场价格出现剧烈波动;(2)通过优化棉花生产环节,降低棉花生产成本;(3)贯彻落实国家生产补贴政策,使补贴资金及时、足额发放到户。     

中国竹藤类产品出口潜力研究——基于引力模型的实证分析

基于引力模型,运用2007~2014年8年间中国对24个竹藤类产品贸易伙伴国的面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明:APEC的有关贸易安排对中国竹藤类产品贸易流量的影响较大,美国、日本、澳大利亚等APEC成员国是中国排名前3位的竹藤类产品进口国;贸易潜力测算结果显示中国对这3个国家均存在贸易不足,竹藤类产品贸易还有很大潜力可挖。基于此,提出应进一步加强中国与APEC成员国之间的合作交流,积极推进中国对美国、日本、澳大利亚等APEC成员国竹藤类产品出口向多样化和高质量化的方向发展,尽量选择与中国要素禀赋差异小的国家开展竹藤类产品的贸易等建议。     

Suppliers’ Participation in a Single Buyer Electronic Market

Business to business (B2B) is the fastest growing segment of the explosive growth of e-commerce. The purpose of this study is to identify internal factors which influence the supplier’s intention to adopt private exchange (PE), a single buyer side electronic market (EM). This study identified cost, flexibility, delivery, and quality as internal capabilities and investigated how these four factors influence suppliers’ participation in PE. The results of the study indicate the following: (1) suppliers do not believe that their capability to produce customized products for customers plays an important role in PE; (2) they still believe that standardized rather than engineered products would dominate the marketplace; and (3) a contractible factor like lower price, rather than non-contractible factors including superior flexibility of production capability, fast and reliable delivery, and quality, plays an important role in the PE.     

中小企业银行融资方案的新型设计 --"关系贷款"及"银行辛迪加和相机治理"

本文旨在从信息不对称造成信贷配给的角度为中小企业融资难问题提供一种解决方案。欧美等成熟市场经济国家通过银企建立稳定的交易关系来消除两者之间的信息不对称,提高贷款可得性;青木昌彦的银行辛迪加和相机治理模式的突出特点在于组建辛迪加,加强牵头行对企业贷款的事中和事后监督。本文吸收两者的优点并结合我国的实际情况,提出了我国中小企业银行融资的模式:企业向银行申请贷款之前必须与其有稳定的交易关系,以便银行进行有效的事前监督;银行一旦接受贷款申请,即可作为牵头行来组建银行辛迪加,集中借款企业与辛迪加成员的交易信息,并承担全部的事中和事后监督责任;一旦企业出现财务危机,牵头行负责大部分债务的偿还。     

新材料产业技术创新联盟模式研究

新材料产业发展的关键在于产业技术创新。考量新材料产业发展状况和新材料产业技术创新联盟成员构成情况,按照技术创新难易程度以及产业技术创新联盟中不同的主导力量,构建为政府推动型、学研驱动型和市场导向型三类新材料产业技术创新联盟模式模式。政府推动型模式适用于市场前景不明朗、创新风险大、政府直接或间接介入的重大技术创新领域;学研驱动型模式适用于科技含量较高的重点技术创新领域;市场导向型模式适用于企业有技术创新需求但需要合作研发才能实现的一般性技术创新领域。     

Modeling technical progress and total factor productivity: A plant level example

Shifts in the production frontier occur because of changes in technology. A model of how a firm learns to use the new technology, or how it adapts from the first production frontier to the second, is suggested. Two different adaptation paths are embodied in a translog cost function and its attendant cost share equations. The paths are the traditional linear time trend and a learning curve. The model is estimated using establishment level data from a non-regulated industry that underwent a technological shift in the time period covered by the data. The learning curve resulted in more plausible estimates of technical progress and total factor productivity growth patterns. A significant finding is that, at the establishment level, all inputs appear to be substitutes.This paper was processed by N.R. Adam.     

Improving perishable product inventory management using goal programming

The multiple objectives of perishable product inventory management are examined in this paper. These objectives include: (1) satisfying demand by carrying sufficient inventories, (2) holding down inventory carrying costs, (3) keeping the amount of product spoilage (outdating) at an acceptable level, and (4) maintaining quality by using the product while it is still fresh, and (5) keeping the cost of rotation low. Some of the above objectives are in conflict. Thus, certain redistribution policies may help attain one or more of these objectives to a greater extent. Redistribution involves the transfer of the product from outlets where demand is low to outlets where demand is high. A goal programming model for solving redistribution problems is presented. An example is provided and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to determine when redistribution is advantageous. Applicability of the model is discussed.