雷鸟国际工商管理学院：未来导向性文化

公司的长远利益常与一些立竿见影的短期行为相矛盾，这给管理带来了困难。如果公司业务遍布全球，则会更加麻烦，因为各国的文化差异决定了人们对未来价值的认知不同，这就使得公司平衡长短期利益更加困难。     

Unemployment and Migration: Does Moving Help?

The migration behaviour of the unemployed in Finland is analysed in terms of the causal effect of moving on individual employment status. In 1994, 17 percent of the labour force was unemployed and the unemployment rate exhibited a very slow decline in 1994–1996. Over half of those who were unemployed at the end of 1994 were still unemployed two years later. The propensity to find a job is somewhat greater among migrants. However, the positive effect of moving diminishes once other personal characteristics are accounted for. Moreover, when controlling for endogenous migrant selectivity, an insignificant or even negative effect on employment status emerges. This indicates that the relatively better "quality" of the migrants (e.g. age, education, human capital and unobserved ability), rather than the act of moving itself, causes an improvement in re–employability. Hence, migration alone may not be a very effective mechanism for alleviating individual unemployment.
JEL classification : J 61; J 64     

Managing international strategic alliance relationships

The objective of this study is to investigate the development of international strategic alliances (ISAs) and to identify the important factors for each phase of an alliance relationship. We have developed a framework about the process development of alliances that is based on an extensive literature study. The framework is used to study and analyze three cases of ISAs. The findings and conclusions are presented in a manner that can help managers to recognize the stages they have to go through and, more important, to be aware of the determinant variables in each stage of an alliance life cycle. This study found that the continuity of an alliance relationship is highly dependent on how partners manage their operational phase. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Time-varying Armington elasticity and country-of-origin bias: from the dynamic perspective of the Japanese demand for beef imports

Elasticities of substitution, often called Armington elasticities, reflect incomplete substitutability because of perceived product characteristics. This study divides the determinants of the Japanese demand for beef imports into two factors: (i) substitution elasticity and (ii) country-of-origin bias, and demonstrate how these measurements are associated with trade policy and food scare events. The Japanese beef industry serves as a case study to evaluate the multifold impact of import liberalisation and a series of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) outbreaks. A time-varying parameter model is used to shed light on the dynamic effects of the import liberalisation and BSE outbreaks on the measurements. The estimation results reveal that the estimated substitutability and country-of-origin bias are very sensitive to the BSE cases, but not to the process of trade liberalisation. The results also confirm that as a result of the BSE outbreaks, the major factor of the Japanese demand for beef imports has changed from relative prices to the country-of-origin effect, thereby emphasising the importance of a traceability system and promotional activities, which would help in the formation of the country-of-origin effect.     

The impact of value added components of GDP and FDI on economic freedom in Europe

This paper investigates the possibility of a long-run relationship between the Economic Freedom Index (EFI), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and value added components of GDP in thirty Eastern, Central and Western European countries. The study further examines whether the FDI and sector-specific components of GDP have any significant impact on economic freedom for these countries. We use annual data and employ Pedroni and KAO panel cointegration analyses to assess the long-run relationships. The results indicate that there is a significant long-run relationship between the variables under study. Moreover, the evidence shows that the service and industry value added components positively affect EFI, while the agriculture value added component has a negative effect on EFI. However, contrary to the prior literature, we observe a marginally significant and negative relationship between EFI and FDI in the random effects model.     

Understanding travel risks in a developing country: a bottom up approach

This paper explores travel risk associated with natural disasters focusing on a developing country context using a bottom-up approach. A mixed method was used to identify seven travel risk types from tourists’ perspective. The exploratory sequential design was applied to 52 respondents in the qualitative phase and 605 respondents in the quantitative phase. The study area was West Sumatra, Indonesia, a popular tourist destination that is prone to natural disasters. This study found different dimensions of travel risk and provide scales for future research in Indonesia and other developing countries.     

Labour–management relationships in transitional economies: convergence or divergence in Vietnam and Indonesia?

Western labour–management relationships (both formal and informal), their respective rights, obligations and negotiating frameworks, have been well- established, understood, and supported by a complex set of associated legislation for decades. However, in many developing countries, including Vietnam and Indonesia, historical, socio-cultural, ideological or political factors constrained the development of such formalized employee relations until very recent times. This paper explores the different paths taken by Vietnam and Indonesia towards a modern employee relations system, with its concomitant positive and adverse consequences.     

Are There Any Diversification Benefits Among Global Finance Center Candidates in Eurasia?

Several Eurasian markets are considered as potential global financial centers. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the two strong candidates, Russia and Turkey, based on short- and long-run diversification benefits they provide to global investors along with big four global finance centers (US, UK, Hong Kong, Singapore) in the world. To that respect, we investigate both price spillover and volatility spillover effects among global finance centers and the two strong Eurasian candidates. Our results suggest that Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) has more diversification benefits and is more resilient to risk transfers from other markets compared to Moskow Stock Exchange (MSE).     

Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: Challenges faced by an EU candidate member

This paper investigates the long run Granger causality relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption in Turkey, controlling for gross fixed capital formation and labor. The most interesting result is that carbon emissions seem to Granger cause energy consumption, but the reverse is not true. The lack of a long run causal link between income and emissions may be implying that to reduce carbon emissions, Turkey does not have to forgo economic growth.