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81.
Ana Belén Ramos-Guajardo Ana Colubi Gil González-Rodríguez María Ángeles Gil 《Metrika》2010,71(2):185-202
A procedure to test hypotheses about the population variance of a fuzzy random variable is analyzed. The procedure is based
on the theory of UH-statistics. The variance is defined in terms of a general metric to quantify the variability of the fuzzy
values about its (fuzzy) mean. An asymptotic one-sample test in a wide setting is developed and a bootstrap test, which is
more suitable for small and moderate sample sizes, is also studied. Moreover, the power function of the asymptotic procedure
through local alternatives is analyzed. Some simulations showing the empirical behavior and consistency of both tests are
carried out. Finally, some illustrative examples of the practical application of the proposed tests are presented. 相似文献
82.
83.
María-de-los-Ángeles Gil-Estallo Fernando Giner-de-la-Fuente Carles Gríful-Miquela 《International Advances in Economic Research》2006,12(1):105-114
Currently, the traditional states-nation, as far as their social commitments are concerned, are giving way to the nongovernmental
organizations (NGO). These organizations have a mission, strategy, and goals different from those organizations looking simply
for profits. Nevertheless, NGOs are concerned about using management and information systems at least as good as those used
by private companies. Organizations try to develop a social strategy taking their social responsibility as starting point.
In this paper, the authors describe how to fix the organization mission, its strategy and goals, and also how to make its
action map. A strategy proposal will be described, as well as the way on how to put it into practice. The main goals of this
paper is to describe the mission, strategy, and goals of the organization; design its strategic social map; fix the limits
of the organization's action; apply the theoretical model to a NGO; and design an information model in order to manage the
strategic development.
The authors would like to express their gratitude to M. Dolors Celma Benaiges, lecturer at the Escola Universitària del Maresme,
Universitat Pompeu Fabra, for her assistance reviewing and translating the paper. 相似文献
84.
Patterns of dominant flows in the world trade web 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
M. Ángeles Serrano Marián Boguñá Alessandro Vespignani 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2007,2(2):111-124
The large-scale organization of the world economies is exhibiting increasing levels of local heterogeneity and global interdependency.
Understanding the relation between local and global features calls for analytical tools able to uncover the global emerging
organization of the international trade network. Here we analyze the world network of bilateral trade imbalances and characterize
its overall flux organization, unraveling local and global high-flux pathways that define the backbone of the trade system.
We develop a general procedure capable to progressively filter out in a consistent and quantitative way the dominant trade
channels. This procedure is completely general and can be applied to any weighted network to detect the underlying structure
of transport flows. The trade fluxes properties of the world trade web determine a ranking of trade partnerships that highlights
global interdependencies, providing information not accessible by simple local analysis. The present work provides new quantitative
tools for a dynamical approach to the propagation of economic crises. 相似文献
85.
86.
Testing nonlinearity: Decision rules for selecting between logistic and exponential STAR models 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new LM specification procedure to choose between Logistic and Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) models
is introduced. The new decision rule has better properties than those previously available in the literature when the model
is ESTAR and similar properties when the model is LSTAR. A simple natural extension of the usual LM-test for linearity is
introduced and evaluated in terms of power. Monte-Carlo simulations and empirical evidence are provided in support of our
claims. 相似文献
87.
The aim of this article is to study the technology of the sector represented by the Spanish national post-office and telegraph service, Sociedad Estatal Correos y Telégrafos, S.A. trading as Correos, and denominated as such hereafter. Concretely, we analyse economic efficiency (technical and allocative) and scale economies of the production units (cost centres) of Correos. To do this, we employ a methodology based on an input distance function which is the dual of the cost function. Moreover, and applying duality theory, we develop an economic model to assess the effect of postal infrastructures on the operators’ costs. In order to carry out the empirical model, Bayesian econometrics is applied to estimate the parameters in the input distance function and the technical and allocative efficiency terms. 相似文献
88.
Institutional Constraints,Stakeholder Pressure and Corporate Environmental Reporting Policies
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Isabel Gallego‐Alvarez Eduardo Ortas José Luis Vicente‐Villardón Igor Álvarez Etxeberria 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2017,26(6):807-825
Within the theoretical framework of socio‐political economics, and more specifically of stakeholder theory, this work examines whether companies operating under different institutional constraints and stakeholder pressure tend to emphasize different models of corporate environmental reporting. Furthermore, the paper tests whether different corporate environmental reporting policies are driven by the countries' corporate governance systems. A sample of 3931 international companies was examined through a logistic biplot and conditional mean linear regression models. The main results reveal that companies follow two distinct environmental reporting approaches, which depend on specific stakeholders and institutional requirements. The first model, which is followed by firms within codified law countries, mostly focuses on water and emissions. The second approach, mainly followed by companies operating in common law countries, emphasizes materials and energy issues. This finding reveals that companies gradually modify their environmental strategies to make themselves more compatible with the characteristics of the social and institutional environment, which will result in several corporate benefits. The paper provides several outstanding implications for companies' strategic managers, national institutions and firms' stakeholders, especially for investors and customers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
89.
90.
ZOLTÁN TIBA 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2011,11(1):3-28
This paper provides a case study of the 2001/02 famine in Malawi from a village in the Southern Region of the country. Based on in‐depth micro‐level field research, it challenges some commonly accepted views about this crisis. The paper provides evidence that: (1) there was a serious ‘famine’ in the community; (2) the decline in food availability was not the major causal factor of the famine; (3) the early warning system in the rural areas was functioning appropriately and the famine did not happen in ‘silence’, unnoticed; (4) the food preferences of Malawians are not ‘inflexible’; and (5) the famine, contrary to the claims of some of the ‘new famine hypotheses’, was less the consequence of underlying vulnerability and long‐term social or economic trends but, rather, the result of an unexpected and sudden shock, which was generated by the exponential increase in the price of all food crops. 相似文献