PLANNING FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT:The COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Ｉｎ１９９６，ｔｈｅＣｉｔｙｏｆＳａｎｔａＦｅ，ＮｅｗＭｅｘｉｃｏａｄｏｐｔｅｄｉｔｓｆｉｒｓｔＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＰｌａｎ（ＣＥＤＰ）．ＴｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＣＥＤＰｉｓｔｏｃｒｅａｔｅａｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｃｐｌａｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＳａｎｔａＦｅ ｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ，ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｗａｙｓｔｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｆｙｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ，ｉ ｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｗｉｔｈｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｆｏｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍ…     

发展中国家的普遍服务政策

该文构建非对称信息模型分析普遍服务政策问题,其中政府对企业在农村提供服务的边际成本具有非对称信息.该文对区别定价和统一定价两种情形进行了对比分析.在实施区别定价时,不完全信息将提高农村地区的资费水平,并且降低相应的网络覆盖面积;而在实施统一定价时,农村地区的定价可能降低,但却是以网络覆盖的减少为代价的.该文的政策结论是:在实施普遍服务政策时,需要综合考虑网络投资的激励和用户承受能力.     

政府间财政转移支付对发展中国家的启示

本文考察了在设计政府间财政转移支付制度中出现的一些核心问题，总结了许多国家采取的做法，并侧重于发展中国家的做法。由于国与国之间的情况和目标有差别，所以并不存在单一的、普遍适用的转移支付模式。但世界范围的经验表明，如果要提供更有效率的服务，转移支付必须这样设计：即接受转移支付的政府必须拥有清晰的授权、足够的资源以及充分的决策灵活性，并且要对结果负责。     

La Ville de Quèbec et al planification stratègique

ＬａＶｉｌｌｅｄｅＱｕ啨ｂｅｃ，ｃａｐｉｔａｌｅｄｅｌａ ｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｄｕｍ毢ｍｅｎｏｍ，ｅｓｔｓｉｔｕ啨ｅｄａｎｓｌ＇ｅｓｔｄｕＣａｎａｄａ，ｓｕｒｌｅｓｒｉｖｅｓｄｕｆｌｅｕｖｅＳａｉｎｔ -Ｌａｕｒｅｎｔ，ｕｎｅｄｅｓ ｇｒａｎｄｅｓｖｏｉｅｓｎａｖｉｇａｂｌｅｓｄｅｌ＇Ａｍ啨ｒｉｑｕｅｄｕＮｏｒｄ．ＢｅｒｃｅａｕｄｅｌａｃｉｖｉｌｉｓａｔｉｏｎｆｒａｎｃａｉｓｅｅｎＡｍ啨ｒｉｑｕｅ，Ｑｕ啨ｂｅｃｅｓｔｕｎｅｖｉｌｌｅｆｒａｎｃｏｐｈｏｎｅｒｅｃｏｎｎｕｅｐｏｕｒｓｏｎｅｘｃｅｌｌｅｎｔｅ…     

Antwerp, a city on the move

Afewyearsago,themunicipalorganizationofthecityofAntwerpwas,duetoitsdisastrousfinancialsituation,forcedtoreduceitsPersonnelandtoshrinkitsbudgets.Allnecessaryandpainfuloperationsresultedinalotofcommotionandunrest.Thecitymanagementfounditselfconfrontedwithanumberofexternalandinternalfactors.overtheyears,thedissatisfactionoftheAntwerpcitizenstowardstheaservice-performance"ofthemunicipalorganizationhadgrown.Ingeneral,thepublicliadanextremelynegativeimageofthemunicipalofficial.Moreover,theresultso…     

Finding a lasting cure for U.S. health care

In "Making Competition in Health Care Work" (July-August 1994), Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg, Michael E. Porter, and Gregory B. Brown ask a question that has been absent from the national debate on health care reform: How can the United States achieve sustained cost reductions while at the same time maintaining quality of care? The authors argue that innovation driven by rigorous competition is the key to successful reform. A lasting cure for health care in the United States should include four basic elements: corrected incentives to spur productive competition, universal insurance to secure economic efficiency, relevant information to ensure meaningful choice, and innovation to guarantee dynamic improvement. In this issue's Perspectives section, eleven experts examine the current state of the health care system and offer their views on the shape that reform should take. Some excerpts: "On the road to innovation, let us not forget to develop the tools that allow physicians, payers, and patients to make better decisions." I. Steven Udvarhelyi; "Health care is not a product or service that can be standardized, packaged, marketed, or adequately judged by consumers according to quality and price." Arnold S. Relman; "Just as antitrust laws are the wise restraints that make competition free in other sectors of the economy, so the right kind of managed competition can work well in health care." Edward M. Kennedy "Biomedical research should be considered primarily an investment in the national economic well-being with additional humanitarian benefits." Elizabeth Marincola.     

Reimbursing side effects of pharmaceutical drugs--a Scandinavian speciality

Pharmaceutical insurance applies to drugs which are approved by Swedish licensing authorities and are marketing in Sweden. This paper reviews the pharmaceutical insurance.