The depletion of coastal environmental resources by human activities and its monetary evaluation

The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human＇s production and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for some years. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.     

No Insurance Company Accepts the Policy of RMB7.8 Billion

In May, assistant general manager of theHangzhou Panasonic Washing Machinecompany, Liu Jianguo visited an insurancecompany in Beijing with the "No.1 policy forChinese home appliances"valued at RMB7.8billion. They wanted to insure for their newproduct, the "Tornado" centrifugal washingmachine. For most large insurance companies,this should have been a rare opportunity to earn ahuge premium.However it turned out to be anunimaginable pity──after visiting many largedomestic insurance compa…     

具有滞后控制休毡的M／M／1排队系统

近年来，带休假机制的排队系统得到广泛的关注，迄今已经提出了许多具有不同休假规则的排队系统，由系统中顾客数控制休假终止时间的排队系统和在正式休假前有一段准备时间的滞后休假排队系统就是其中的两类，本文从实际应用背景出发，把这两种系统综合而提出一类新的带有休假机制的排队系统，并称之为具有滞后控制休假的排队系统，这里的滞后控制休假是指，当系统进入闲期时服务员并不立即休假，而是有一段随 滞后时间，我们称从服务员变为空闲到开始休假这段时间为休假滞后时间，若在休假滞后期间内有顾客到达系统，服务员马上投入服务，否则，若在休假滞后期间内没有顾客到达，服务员在休假滞后期结束时开始正式休假，当一休假期结束时，若系统中顾客数达到或超过k(≥1)个系统恢复服务，否则，接着延续一个独立同分布的休假期。在滞后时间和休假时间是相互独立的指数分布随机变量的假设下，我们求出系统在稳态下的队长分布，平均队长和平均等待时间这样一些重要的排人指标，文献[1]和[2]的结果可看作是我们结果的特殊情形。     

Money Quantity and Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy: A Quantitative Analysis

This paper quantitatively analyzes the impact of money stock on optimal monetary and fiscal policy in a stochastic production economy with sticky prices. The numerical results indicate that a sufficient large quantity of money makes a noticeable difference in many aspects of optimal monetary and fiscal policy. They suggest that the volatile inflation in China may not be as bad as the existing theory would have implied if its large amount of money is taken into consideration.