Negative emotions,value and relationships: Differences between women and men

Service experiences are characterized by emotions that help shape the value in use received by the customer. Negative emotion plays an important role in all of consumer psychology and all too often consumers experience some degree of negative emotion during a consumption experience. This research sheds light on how these negative shopping emotions experienced by men and women in a typical shopping environment affect value and relationships in the form of shopper behavior, commitment and share of wallet. A theoretical process is explained and modeled with a sample of mall shoppers. Results overall suggest that negative emotions affect the shopping experience more for women than for men in terms of perceived value and loyalty. In contrast, the behavior–commitment relationship is stronger for men.     

An Exploration of Personality and Speed Limit Compliance

Research suggests that noncompliance with speed limits is high. One factor that may provide some explanation for individuals' speeding behavior is the driver's personality. To examine social issue behavior in relation to speeding, this study examined specific personality characteristics in the context of speed limit compliance behavior. To test the hypotheses, data were gathered via an online survey. The results indicate that personality, along with social issue involvement, influenced speed limit compliance behavior.     

Product development cycle time for business-to-business products

For a number of years, firms have been implementing changes in the way they develop new products, changes that are targeted at reducing overall product development cycle times. And over the years, a number of academics have conducted research trying to understand the factors that are related to reducing new product development (NPD) times. But the question remains — just how long does product development generally take in absolute numbers? Information on how long product development takes is helpful to firms for planning and controlling the flow of products into the marketplace and in determining resource needs for NPD. Other than anecdotal data pertaining to particular projects that have been commercialized by particular firms, very little hard data have been reported on this topic. This article analyzes data to quantify average cycle times for physical goods commercialized by business-to-business (B2B) firms. The data are a subset of a much larger data set from the Product Development & Management Association's (PDMA) Best Practices research. The analysis presents average product development cycle times for four different types of projects (new-to-the-world, new-to-the-firm, next generation improvements and incremental improvements), presents evidence of the lack of a relationship between cycle time and success and looks at factors that are associated with differences in the length of product development cycle times.     

Private production and income distribution in a Chinese commune

This article is concerned with the extent of inequality between production teams and between households in one commune in the People's Republic of China, and particularly with the effect of income from private production on the distribution of total household income. The authors briefly describe the history and role of private production within the commune system, and report the findings of household a survey conducted to discover the flows of food commodities from both private and collective sources. The authors conclude that private production is not a source of inequality in this commune.     

Systematic Risk and Revenue Volatility

We introduce the degree of economic leverage (DEL) as an extension of the existing method of decomposing beta and assess its incremental explanatory power through empirical testing. The DEL is defined as the percentage change in the firm's sales resulting from a unit percentage change attributable to an exogenous economic disturbance. The exogenous economic disturbance employed is the ratio of long‐term T‐bond rates to short‐term T‐bill rates. The evidence supports the DEL's role in explaining systematic risk at both the industry and portfolio levels. However, we find mixed results at the firm level.     

Gasoline demand in the OECD: An application of pooling and testing procedures

This study utilizes a pooled inter-country data set, finding the long-run price-elasticity falls in the range ?0.55 to ?0.9, depending on the choice of pooled estimators. The estimators included the OLS, within-, and between-country estimators, plus five feasible GLS estimators. Even allowing for a ten-year distributed lag on price to reflect changes in auto-efficiency characteristics, the within-country estimator yields appreciably more inelastic estimates than did the O:S estimator, which was heavily influenced by the between- or inter-country variation. This difference raises intriguing questions for future research.