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排序方式: 共有188条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
71.
Mário Alexandre Patrício Martins Da Silva 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(7):613-630
We develop a model of innovation and learning that incorporates explicitly the need for a firm to conduct its own research and development (R&D) in order to realize involuntary spillovers from other firms’ R&D activity and the development of absorptive capacity of research firms over time. The conclusions of the model follow directly from the functional forms that are used to describe the generation and absorption of technological knowledge. The first proposition formally characterizes the steady-state rate of growth of technology for the model. The analysis also shows how some of the key features of two distinct, pure modes of organization of the production of new knowledge, the R&D model and the new localized knowledge model, are implied by our model by simply drastically changing the relative magnitude of two exogenous parameters: the ease of learning and the pace of knowledge advance. The second proposition formally characterizes the connections implied by the model between involuntary spillovers and absorptive capacity. Analysis of the long-term interactions between involuntary spillovers of knowledge and absorptive capacity provides the essential insights into an understanding of the elements of a self-sustained process of endogenous growth. The third and last formal proposition of this paper accommodates firm-level arguments and the crucial role of a firm's absorptive capacity in taking advantage of its location in clusters, as implied by the theoretical model. 相似文献
72.
Mário Alexandre Patrício Martins da Silva 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(7):652-688
The paper develops a formal model of external knowledge and identifies the role of knowledge multipliers. Social interactions and knowledge multipliers play a crucial role in determining the rate of technological change. The analytical identification of the knowledge multiplier expression constitutes a key step in the appreciation of the crucial role of knowledge interactions. First, social considerations endogenously change the knowledge production function of each firm. The knowledge multiplier is the specific mechanism by means of which external knowledge contributes to enhance the innovative capacity of each firm. The production function of knowledge shows that the larger the knowledge multiplier is the stronger are the cumulative positive effects of external knowledge on the generation of new knowledge. Second, social considerations explain the long-run dynamics of innovation. Social reinforcement and the knowledge multiplier determine the rise or fall in the rate of accumulation of technological knowledge. 相似文献
73.
T. Diana L. van Aduard de Macedo-Soares Alexandre P. Gouvêa de Mendonça 《Latin American Business Review》2013,14(1):45-73
In response to competitive pressures created by privatization, telecom firms in developing countries are establishing alliances and other types of linkages—mergers and acquisitions—with foreign partners to ensure customer competitive advantages in global markets. However, there have been very few studies on the alliances of telecom operators in Brazil, an increasingly important BRIC. This article presents the results of research that aimed to fill this gap by identifying, from a network/international perspective, the opportunities/threats created by the relevant linkages of leading telecom operators in Brazil. The results suggest that acquisitions—and especially alliance-type linkages with foreign partners—have created opportunities for boosting performance, in keeping with their new strategic profile. 相似文献
74.
Nicoletta Berardi Patrick Sevestre Marine Tépaut Alexandre Vigneron 《Applied economics》2016,48(41):3976-3994
Based on an original data set of more than 500,000 non-alcoholic beverage price records, we evaluate the impact on consumer prices of the ‘soda tax’, an excise on drinks with added sugar or sweetener, introduced in France in January 2012. We adopt a difference in differences approach and find that the tax was gradually passed through to the prices of the taxed beverages. After 6 months of its introduction, it was fully shifted to soda prices and almost fully shifted to the prices of fruit drinks, while the pass-through for flavoured waters was incomplete. We also find that the pass-through was heterogeneous across brands and retail groups. 相似文献
75.
Ian Alexandre 《饭店现代化》2009,(9)
北京唯一的法式奢华白金五星级酒店——北京万达索菲特大饭店,楼高27层,内设417间客房与套房,其中包括63间行政房及至臻完善的索菲特会所。酒店潜心将法式奢华风姿与中国华丽韵致完美璧合,为那些在商务或度假旅途中探寻时尚、文化、艺术与舒适感的旅行者们提供至尊旅居体验。 相似文献
76.
Developing countries pay substantially higher transportation costs than developed nations, which leads to less trade and perhaps lower incomes. This paper investigates price discrimination in the shipping industry and the role it plays in determining transportation costs. In the presence of market power, shipping prices depend on the demand characteristics of goods being traded. We show theoretically and estimate empirically that ocean cargo carriers charge higher prices when transporting goods with higher product prices, lower import demand elasticities, and higher tariffs, and when facing fewer competitors on a trade route. These characteristics explain more variation in shipping prices than do conventional proxies such as distance, and significantly contribute to the higher shipping prices facing the developing world. A simple back of the envelope calculation suggests that eliminating market power in shipping would boost trade volumes by 5.9% (for the US) to 15.2% (for Latin America). Our findings are also important for evaluating the impact of tariff liberalization. Cargo carriers decrease shipping prices by 1–2% for every 1% reduction in tariffs. 相似文献
77.
The impact of scale effects on the prevailing internet-based banking model in the US 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Internet-based banks use a technology-intensive production process that may benefit from scale effects as they grow larger.
This article analyzes whether the predominant Internet-primary bank in the USA generates technology-based economies of scale
in the period 2002–2010. There is evidence of both favorable and adverse technology-based scale effects. As the leading Internet-primary
bank gets larger, the financial performance gap with traditional banks shrinks while some of its critical competitive advantages
wear down. The results suggest that unless the prevailing Internet-primary bank preserves the distinctive advantages of the
Internet-based business model as it improves financial performance, it might end up converging with its branching competitors. 相似文献
78.
Financial institutions suffered large trading losses during the 2007–2009 global financial crisis. These losses cast doubt on the effectiveness of regulations and risk management systems based on a single Value-at-Risk (VaR) constraint. While some researchers have recommended using Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) to control tail risk, VaR remains popular among practitioners and regulators. Accordingly, our paper examines the effectiveness of multiple VaR constraints in controlling CVaR. Under certain conditions, we theoretically show that they are more effective than a single VaR constraint. Furthermore, we numerically find that the maximum CVaR permitted by the constraints is notably smaller than with a single constraint. These results suggest that regulations and risk management systems based on multiple VaR constraints are more effective in reducing tail risk than those based on a single VaR constraint. 相似文献
79.
Das et al. (2010) develop a model where an investor divides his or her wealth among mental accounts with motives such as retirement and bequest. Nevertheless, the investor ends up selecting portfolios within mental accounts and an aggregate portfolio that lie on the mean–variance frontier. Importantly, they assume that the investor only faces portfolio risk. In practice, however, many individuals also face background risk. Accordingly, our paper expands upon theirs by considering the case where the investor faces background risk. Our contribution is threefold. First, we provide an analytical characterization of the existence and composition of the optimal portfolios within accounts and the aggregate portfolio. Second, we show that these portfolios lie away from the mean–variance frontier under fairly general conditions. Third, we find that the composition and location of such portfolios can differ notably from those of portfolios on the mean–variance frontier. 相似文献
80.
Maria Teresa Medeiros Garcia Daniel Alexandre Bourdain dos Santos Borrego 《International Advances in Economic Research》2018,24(4):339-349
The paper investigates the efficient frontier and capital market line for the Portuguese stock market before and after the Global Financial Crisis. The efficient frontier and capital market line shift to positions that offer investors better opportunities as we move from 2000‐2008 to 2009–2015. 相似文献