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In the backward-looking model, an explicit instrument rule is almost as efficient as a target rule. An explicit instrument rule leads to a more stable real rate of interest and hence an output stabilization bias compared to the target rule. 相似文献
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104.
The paper provides an economic rationale for punishing repeat offenders with increasing sanctions. We analyze the optimal
intertemporal punishment scheme within a supergame framework, in which the legal authority is assumed to minimize the social
costs of punishment under the constraint of keeping delinquency at an exogenously given maximal tolerable level. 相似文献
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Abstract . Keynesian theory in macroeconomics and public finance in the United States was compatible with and supportive of a parallel development in the public administration branch of political science that arose in the Great Depression of the 1930s. This was the theory that the initiative in achieving welfare goals should be taken by government agencies acting to resolve conflicting interests. In initiating and taking leadership in bringing about social change, the administrators expanded government into a new bureaucratic State. 相似文献
108.
Alfred Presbitero Banjo Roxas Doren Chadee 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2016,27(6):635-652
This paper argues that the effectiveness of HRM practices in tackling employee retention can be enhanced by improving the compatibility between employee and organisational values. We test our hypothesis using structural equation modelling on a sample of 258 employees in business process outsourcing (BPO) firms in the Philippines. The results show that the fit between employee and organisation values positively and partially mediates the effects of HRM practices on employee retention. However, employee–organisation value clash in US-owned BPOs was found to have a negative effect on employee retention. Because employees are less likely to leave when they share similar values as their organisations, HRM practices can be used strategically to improve the employee–organisation value fit to improve retention. The implications of the findings for HR managers of BPOs in developing countries are fully discussed. 相似文献
109.
Alfred Wagenhofer 《European Accounting Review》2013,22(1):71-103
This paper analyses optimal transfer prices in a firm organized in two divisions. The production costs of the divisions are their respective private information. The objective of headquarters is to determine the transfer pricing method that maximizes total profit less managers' compensation. Managers are interested in their current compensation and in the market evaluation of their experience. In this setting, the paper discusses why particular transfer pricing methods found in practice and literature may induce-inefficiencies, and it identifies conditions under which each method is preferable. Major results are: a market-based transfer price does not implement the first-best solution if there are benefits from internal trade; cost-based transfer,prices may achieve first-best, and they are preferable to negotiated transfer prices if communication is cost-less; dual transfer prices do not implement the first-best solution, as long as collusion cannot be discouraged. ‘There are two truisms in business. Transfer prices are wrong and charges for corporate overhead are too high.‘1 相似文献
110.
Alfred Greiner 《Research in Economics》2012,66(3):230-238
We analyze an endogenous growth model with public capital and public debt where we posit that the primary surplus of the government is a positive function of cumulated past debt with an exponentially declining weight put on debt further back in time. We consider two scenarios: first, we study the model assuming that the government runs a balanced budget and, then, we compare the outcome to that of the model with permanent deficits. We analyze growth effects of the two scenarios and we study how fiscal policy of the government affects the dynamics of the model economy. It is demonstrated that the balanced growth rate is higher when cumulated past public debt is smaller. Further, we show that the debt policy of the government crucially determines the dynamics of the model economy and that endogenous growth cycles can arise. 相似文献