Significant drivers of growth in Africa

We employ bootstrap techniques in a production frontier framework to provide statistical inference for each component in the decomposition of labor productivity growth, which has essentially been ignored in this literature. We show that only two of the four components (efficiency changes and human capital accumulation) have significantly contributed to growth in Africa. Although physical capital accumulation is the largest force, it is not statistically significant on average. Thus, ignoring statistical significance would falsely identify physical capital accumulation as a major driver of growth in Africa when it is not.     

Social Entrepreneurship: The Role of Institutions

A relatively small segment of business, known as social entrepreneurship (SE), is increasingly being acknowledged as an effective source of solutions for a variety of social problems. Because society tends to view “new” solutions as “the” solution, we are concerned that SE will soon be expected to provide answers to our most pressing social ills. In this paper we call into question the ability of SE, by itself, to provide solutions on a scope necessary to address large-scale social issues. SE cannot reasonably be expected to solve social problems on a large scale for a variety of reasons. The first we label the organizational legitimacy argument. This argument leads to our second argument, the isomorphism argument. We also advance three other claims, the moral, political, and structural arguments. After making our arguments, we explore ways in which SE, in concert with other social institutions, can effectively address social ills. We also present two examples of successful ventures in which SEs partnered with governments and other institutions.     

Community Attributes Influencing Local Food Processing Growth in the U.S. Corn Belt

This paper examines local and regional attributes associated with growth in the food processing industry. The paper uses industrial location studies to develop a model of food processing plants'growth. Ordinary least squares (OLS) models are estimated to analyze which local, regional and state attributes are associated with county level growth, measured by a change in the number of establishments. The results suggest that food processing growth is associated with factors similar to those influencing the location of footloose manufacturing plants. However, growth in food processing sectors is associated with different local attributes depending on a firm's industry type (demand-oriented, supply-oriented, footloose).     

Responding to a coalfield closure: old Issues for a new regional development agency?

This paper examines the response of a new Regional Development Agency, Yorkshire Forward, to the sudden announcement that the Selby coalfield in North Yorkshire would close with the potential loss of 4000 regional jobs. Once the 'jewel in the crown' of the UK coal industry, its demise has repercussions beyond the Selby district. Following an examination of coal industry restructuring, previous regeneration efforts and issues, the paper considers the impact of closure. It is argued that by rapid analysis of the situation and by leading a Task Force to engage a range of interested parties and experts, the RDA has demonstrated a coordinated sectoral and spatial response to crisis management.     

Effects of Soil Tillage and Time of Planting on Corn Yields and Farm Profits in Southern Ontario

Intensive corn monoculture using conventional tillage systems has been associated with deteriorating soil structure, increased credibility and increasing input expenditures. Alternatives to conventional moldboard plowing may be less destructive of the soil resource, but may generally offer lower yields. This study examines five tillage systems for three soil textures and two average slopes within the decision framework of a model farm. Linear programming is used to evaluate discounted net returns over two planning horizons, both with and without a penalty for lost soil capital. Results indicate that fall plowing is the most profitable system on sandy loam and silt loam soils, despite the higher erosion rate. Zero tillage was the optimum system on loam soils. Inclusion of a soil loss penalty made little difference in optimum solutions. La monoculture intensive du maïs en utilisant les opérations culturales conventionnelles de travail du sol a été associée à la détérioration de la structure du sol, à ?augmentation de la susceptibilité à ?érosion et à ?augmentation des dépenses ?intrants. Les alternatives au labourage conventionnel avec charrue à versoir peuvent moins détruire le sol, mais en général elles offrent des rendements plus faibles. Cette étude examine cinq systèmes ?opérations culturales de travail du sol pour trois textures de sol et deux pentes moyennes, dans un cadre de décision ?une ferme modèle. La programmation linéaire est utilisée pour évaluer le rendement actualisé sur les deux horizons planifiées, toutes deux avec et sans une pénalité pour le capital du sol perdu. Les résultats indiquent que le labour ?automne est le systèlne le plus profitable sur les sols de type loam-sablonneux et loam-limoneux, malgré le taux ?érosion plus élevé. ?élimination du travail du sol était le système optimum sur les sols de type loam. ?incorporation ?une pénalité pour la perte de sol a fait peu de différence sur les solutions optimums.     

Efficiency of the office properties market

This paper reports the results of an efficient markets test of the Dallas-Fort Worth office properties market. ARIMA models using a comprehensive data set did not produce superior forecasts. The results provide further evidence of the efficiency of real estate markets.     

Scale, scope, and spillovers: the determinants of research productivity in drug discovery

We examine the relationship between firm size and research productivity in the pharmaceutical industry. Using detailed internal firm data, we find that larger research efforts are more productive, not only because they enjoy economies of scale, but also because they realize economies of scope by sustaining diverse portfolios of research projects that capture internal and external knowledge spillovers. In pharmaceuticals, economies of scope in research are important in shaping the boundaries of the firm, and it may be worth tolerating the static efficiency loss attributable to the market power of large firms in exchange for their superior innovative performance.     

Perceived human resource system strength and employee reactions toward change: Revisiting human resource's remit as change agent

Although scholars have highlighted human resource's (HR's) important role as a change agent, we know little about the extent to which HR influences the change context to foster positive employee responses and support organizational changes. This study positions perceived HR system strength as an important internal context factor that influences employees' reactions toward change. Drawing on emotion theory and social exchange theory, we analyze the mechanisms through which employees' perceptions of HR system strength lead to positive employee responses to organizational change. Data from 704 employees in a UK police force showed that employees' perceptions of HR system strength were positively related to their ability to cope with organizational change and that this relationship was simultaneously mediated by state positive affect and perceived organizational support. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that coping with organizational change was positively related to employees' change‐supportive behavior. This study is important because it broadens the remit of HR's role as change agent and provides valuable insight into how HR positively influences employee outcomes during organizational change.