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61.
Textbook arbitrage in financial markets requires no capital and entails no risk. In reality, almost all arbitrage requires capital, and is typically risky. Moreover, professional arbitrage is conducted by a relatively small number of highly specialized investors using other people's capital. Such professional arbitrage has a number of interesting implications for security pricing, including the possibility that arbitrage becomes ineffective in extreme circumstances, when prices diverge far from fundamental values. The model also suggests where anomalies in financial markets are likely to appear, and why arbitrage fails to eliminate them. 相似文献
62.
Andrei Shevchenko 《International Economic Review》2004,45(1):1-24
This article provides an equilibrium model of intermediation based on search theory. Intermediaries, like retailers, buy goods from producers and sell them to consumers. The number of intermediaries is endogenously determined by free entry. The size and composition of their inventories is also endogenous. Larger inventories make it more likely that a random customer will find something he likes, but are more costly to store. The distribution of prices is characterized. Conditions are given under which there are too many or too few intermediaries, and under which intermediaries are too big or too small, from an efficiency perspective. 相似文献
63.
Andrei Gomberg 《Journal of Economic Theory》2004,116(1):138-154
This paper analyzes a general model of an economy with heterogeneous individuals choosing among two jurisdictions, such as towns or political parties. Each jurisdiction is described by its constitution, where a constitution is defined as a mapping from all possible population partitions into the (possibly multidimensional) policy space. This study is the first to establish sufficient conditions for existence of sorting equilibria in a two-jurisdiction model for a policy space of an arbitrary dimension. 相似文献
64.
Valuation and Control in Venture Finance 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Andrei A. Kirilenko 《The Journal of Finance》2001,56(2):565-587
This paper presents the model of a relationship between a venture capitalist and an entrepreneur engaged in the formation of a new firm. I assume that the entrepreneur derives private nonpecuniary benefits from having some control over the firm. I show that to separate the entrepreneur's value of control from the firm's expected payoff, the venture capitalist demands disproportionately highercontrol rights than the size of his equity investment. The entrepreneur is compensated for a greater loss of control through better terms of financing, ability to extract higher rents from asymmetric information, and improved risk sharing. 相似文献
65.
Andrei Barbos 《Journal of Economics》2014,112(1):31-46
This paper studies a model in which an agent considers proposing a project of unknown quality to an evaluator, who has to decide on whether or not to accept it. Earlier papers considered the case when the evaluation is perfect and showed than higher submission fees increase the expected quality of projects submitted for review by discouraging long-shot submissions. We examine the case of two-sided incomplete information where not only the agent’s, but also the evaluator’s assessment of the project is imperfect. We show that under this specification, an increase in the submission fee may lead to a decrease in the quality of projects that are implemented because of its adverse effects on the evaluator’s acceptance policy. 相似文献
66.
Andrei Shynkevich 《Journal of Banking & Finance》2012,36(1):193-208
A large universe of technical trading rules applied to a set of technology industry and small cap sector portfolios over the 1995-2010 period yields superior predictability after adjusting for data snooping bias in the first half of the sample period and delivers statistically significant profits for a number of portfolios when the transaction cost is assumed to be of small to moderate size. Technical analysis is not able to outperform the buy-and-hold approach for any portfolio in the set in the second half of the sample period. The finding that the short-term return predictability becomes much weaker in the more recent period suggests that the underlying segments of the equity market have become more efficient over time. The fact that mechanical trading strategies have been futile after adjusting for data snooping bias for two samples of portfolios where technical analysis is most anticipated to succeed suggests that it is unlikely to have delivered abnormal returns in any other segment of the domestic equity market in the last decade. 相似文献
67.
We investigate the relation between quote activity and the precision with which prices are quoted. Where prior literature finds that the tendency of price-endings to cluster on rounder fractions declines monotonically with quote activity, we show that the decline is limited to an initial range of quote activity. Once a very high level of quote activity is reached, the use of rounder quotes increases with quote activity. Also contrary to the conventional view is our finding that round quotes are used more frequently in the more active of two market segments where equivalent assets are traded. We attribute our results to two opposing influences of activity on price clustering, the price resolution and negotiation effects, that reflect the cognitive limitations of humans when dealing with uncertain values. 相似文献
68.
Andrei Hagiu 《董事会》2009,(2):96-97
商业模式中的“第22条军规”
像信用卡这类需要买、卖双方同时支持才能运作的商业模式,我称之为“双面平台”(two-sided platforms)。这类商业在起步阶段,公司通常得先补贴平台的一方。这种方式前期投资大、风险高。更安全的做法是分步开发,一些成功的网络公司,比如Google和亚马逊就是这么做的。 相似文献
69.
This paper analyzes the effect of comparative advantage in international trade on a country's level of financial development. Countries with comparative advantage in financially intensive goods experience a higher demand for external finance, and therefore financial development. By contrast, financial development is lower in countries that primarily export goods which do not rely on external finance. We use disaggregated trade data to develop a measure of a country's external finance need of exports, and demonstrate this effect empirically. In order to overcome the simultaneity problem, we develop a novel instrumentation strategy based on the exogenous geographic determinants of trade patterns. 相似文献
70.
The Unified Social Tax (UST) was introduced in Russia in 2001 as part of a comprehensive reform of the tax and social security
system. Five years on, this article offers a preliminary assessment of the positive effects of UST so far and the problems
that remain. 相似文献