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991.
We agree with Kwan and Tsang (2001) that critical realism represents an important point of epistemological departure from mainstream realism, and that it has the potential to inform strategy research. To that end, Kwan and Tsang's argument for a critical realist perspective is valid. There however exist substantial nontrivial differences between constructivism and critical realism. While critical realism contests some of the default assumptions of empiricism and realism which treat social systems as closed systems, it is still predicated upon an inherent order of things that is graspable by research. Constructivism instead focuses on the manner in which researchers constitute theories in the act of describing them. This important distinction makes constructivism far more of a departure from empiricism than critical realism, and therefore it has a different set of implications for strategy research. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
992.
Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that transaction price feedback may bias valuation judgment. Among participating appraisers, evidence of asymmetrical response was found. The group receiving transaction feedback indicating that current judgments were "too low" responded with judgments in subsequent, unrelated valuations that were significantly higher than the group that received no feedback. The response from "too high" feedback was in the expected direction (lower value judgments) but was not significant. Additionally, valuation dispersion of around 10% revealed in these experiments is consistent with studies of valuation variability and may reflect an upper bound of typical commercial appraisal dispersion. 相似文献
993.
Andrew Mountford 《Economic journal (London, England)》2002,112(483):F597-F599
994.
995.
Abstract. The problem of monetary policy delegation is formulated as a two‐stage game between the government and the central bank. In the first stage the government chooses the institutional design of the central bank. Monetary and fiscal policy are implemented in the second stage. When fiscal policy is taken into account, there is a continuum of combinations of central bank independence and conservatism that produce optimal outcomes. This indeterminacy is resolved by appealing to practical considerations. In particular, it is argued that full central bank independence facilitates the greatest degree of policy transparency and political coherence. 相似文献
996.
The Market Evaluation of Information in Directors' Trades 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this paper is to examine the propensity, characteristics and performance of directors' trades. Consistent with prior research we show that on average, directors outperform the market. However, we also find that there exist a large number of trades which do not share these abnormal share price returns and consequently have little information content. This has important consequences for market participants who use director trading activity as a signal for their own trading strategies. Using different measures of directors' trades based on trade characteristics, we report that purchases by directors are more informative than sales. In addition, the number of directors trading within a twenty day window and the percentage of the directors' holding that is being traded are both important factors in the abnormal share price performance following the trade. 相似文献
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998.
Reply to Cockshott and Cottrell 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This note reaffirms the author's conclusion that measured pricevaluecorrelations have been tainted by the influence of industrysize and are therefore spurious. Deflation ofsectoral prices and values by costs destroys the correlationonly because the theory in question is false, as the author'soriginal paper proved deductively. Cockshott and Cottrell'sresults do not refute this proof. Deflation destroys the correlationbetween their simulated prices and values precisely becausetheir simulation model assumes that the theory is false. 相似文献
999.
Andrew Lilico 《Economic Affairs》2006,26(3):33-38
This article examines six key issues facing the pharmaceuticals industry that concern the appropriateness and effectiveness of markets, quasi-markets and regulatory intervention in the sector. The article shows the prevalence of confused thinking in this area, both on the part of lobbyists for the industry and their opponents. It is contended that allowing market forces to operate within a legal or regulatory framework that protects intellectual property rights, promotes innovation and facilitates price competition will produce more socially beneficial outcomes than direct state intervention in the market. 相似文献
1000.
Andrew H. Van de Ven 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》2004,21(1-2):123-147
Based on an analysis of knowledge-intensive innovations, this paper argues that much of the knowledge that provides distinctive competence for sustained competitive advantage is context specific. The development of this competence is a path-dependent process of numerous learning events in particular situations and practices. Because competence is embedded in the specific context in which it was created, it is very difficult to imitate and can become the basis for sustained competitive advantage. This represents an important opportunity for firms who have grown up in a developing country and learned how to compete successfully there. Firms from developing countries who run in packs to build and expand on their context-specific competencies can be more successful in expanding into other developing countries with similar national political institutional contexts than firms from developed countries who have not acquired this tacit knowledge of local practices. 相似文献