Scale-free distribution as an economic invariant: a theoretical approach

The presence of power laws (scale-free distributions) in widely different economic and social phenomena is well established. Here we focus on three specific cases viz. wealth distribution, firm size distribution and the city size distribution. We present a common framework to explain the origin of this feature in such seemingly unrelated contexts. It is shown that the equilibrium configurations of some general economic mechanisms are consistent with a power law in general and Zipf’s law in particular, in size distribution and it is an attractor under some conditions.     

军事供应链评价指标体系与评价方法研究综述

对国内外有关军事供应链评价的文献进行了系统地介绍与分析,从军事供应链评价指标体系和评价方法两个方面对研究成果进行了梳理,分析了当前研究所取得成果以及存在的不足,并提出了军事供应链评价工作未来的研究重点.     

高校教师激励的迟延效应及研究

激励是高校调动教师积极性和创造性的一个强有力的手段，进行激励应当适时，迟延激励会带来负的效应。本通过构建迟延激励的博弈模型和运用经济学中的边际分析方法，阐述了迟延激励的危害，揭示了高校激励的迟延效应产生的原因，并在此基础上，提出了高校教师激励迟延效应的防范措施。     

人口流动导致区域差异化效应分析——基于空间经济学原理

从人口流动对区域差距影响的视角出发,运用空间经济学理论,将我国东、西部地区作为两个独立的经济体,构建了劳动力人口流动向量模型,分析了人口流动对区域差距的影响及作用机制。得出结论:人口流动对区域差距的影响呈阶段性变化。最后,结合阶段规律和当前经济危机背景提出缩小区域差距的人口流动政策建议。     

Demography and welfare economics

The focusing on demographic issues as an important part of welfare-economic assessment shifts the evaluative space in the direction of public discussion and social concern. A commoditycentred view of individual success and social welfare is often used in economics. But the linkage between our economic wealth and our ability to live as we would like has strong limits. This is partly because of interpersonal variations between individuals, but also because of variations in public and social arrangements (for example, for public health care, education and social security). The use of demographic perspectives can enrich economic analysis in several ways. In particular a demographically oriented system of evaluation can not only focus on variables that we all value, but it also gives us the freedom to decide what weights would be most appropriate for the exercise in which we might be engaged. The problem of valuation in welfare economics is ultimately a social-choice issue, requiring the use of explicit judgments on which the society can achieve some consensus through political processes.Lecture presented to the annual meeting of the Austrian Economic Association in Vienna, 24 May 1994. The author is grateful for support from the National Science Foundation for the research on which this paper draws.     

Another direct proof of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem

This paper provides a new and direct proof of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem based on induction on the number of individuals.     

Cointegration in Panel Data with Structural Breaks and Cross‐Section Dependence

The power of standard panel cointegration statistics may be affected by misspecification errors if structural breaks in the parameters generating the process are not considered. In addition, the presence of cross‐section dependence among the panel units can distort the empirical size of the statistics. We therefore design a testing procedure that allows for both structural breaks and cross‐section dependence when testing the null hypothesis of no cointegration. The paper proposes test statistics that can be used when one or both features are present. We illustrate our proposal by analysing the pass‐through of import prices on a sample of European countries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Economic Assessment of the Recreational Value of Ecosystems: Methodological Development and National and Local Application

We present a novel methodology for spatially sensitive prediction of outdoor recreation visits and values for different ecosystems. Data on outset and destination characteristics and locations are combined with survey information from over 40,000 households to yield a trip generation function (TGF) predicting visit numbers. A new meta-analysis (MA) of relevant literature is used to predict site specific per-visit values. Combining the TGF and MA models permits spatially explicit estimation of visit numbers and values under present and potential future land use. Applications to the various land use scenarios of the UK National Ecosystem Assessment, as well as to a single site, are presented.     

大比例尺航测数字化成图方法研究

对万庄镇进行大比例尺调绘成图,为区域土地的集约化利用和经济社会可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Alternate instruments to manage the capital flow conundrum: A study of selected Asian economies

Capital inflows to and outflows from emerging market economies (EME) have increased significantly since 2000. This rapid increase, accompanied by a sharp rise in volatility, has amplified the complexity of macroeconomic management in EME. While foreign capital provides additional financing for productive investment and offers avenues for risk diversification, unbridled flows exacerbate financial and macroeconomic instability. In this paper, we focus on the experience of six emerging Asian economies (EAE) in dealing with capital flows. Using quarterly data, we identify the waves of capital flows experienced by these EAE and the efficacy of the various policy measures taken. The policy choices include negotiating the trilemma (i.e. balancing the need for monetary policy autonomy, exchange rate flexibility and capital account openness), as per the demands of the macroeconomic situation. The paper also analyses the extent to which intervention in the foreign exchange market and imposition of short‐term capital flow management measures have aided countries to negotiate the trilemma. The efficacy of these responses have been varied across countries, implying that a judicious mix of these measures, along with improvement in financial and institutional development, is required to effectively counter the vagaries of capital flows.