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71.
Wintrobe's (1990, 1998) dictatorship model is adapted to examine the impacts of economic sanctions on an autocrat. It is shown that the dictator's choice of the level of power, and the quantities of loyalty and repression used as inputs in the production of power, are affected by the type and magnitude of sanctions and by the impact of sanctions on the political effectiveness of opposition groups. Sanctions have direct and indirect effects on the prices of loyalty and repression as well as potentially generating rents that might be captured either by the dictator or by the opposition. 相似文献
72.
Anton Zottmann 《Review of World Economics》1970,104(2):91-92
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
73.
Wolfgang Briglauer Anton Schwarz Christine Zulehner 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》2011,39(1):50-67
In this paper, we estimate own-price elasticities for fixed network voice telephony access and national calls services for
private users as well as cross-price elasticities to mobile services using time series data from 2002 to 2007 from the Austrian
markets. Using instrumental variable estimates and considering cointegration, we find that access is inelastic while calls
are elastic. We conclude that the retail market for national calls of private users can probably be deregulated due to sufficient
competitive pressure from mobile. Access-substitution on the other hand does not seem to be strong enough to justify de-regulation. 相似文献
74.
Anton Korinek 《European Economic Review》2011,(3):371-385
This paper studies the relationships between foreign currency debt, macroeconomic volatility, and risk premia in a model of a small open emerging market economy. The external value of the local currency is counter-cyclical, so that foreign currency debt requires larger repayments than local currency debt in bad states of nature. The level of foreign currency-denominated debts, therefore, affects the volatility of aggregate demand and by extension of the exchange rate. Exchange rate volatility is in turn an important determinant of the risk premium on local currency debt. Finally, this risk premium is a major factor in the choice of local versus foreign currency for emerging market borrowers. The mutual endogeneity of foreign currency debt, risk premia, and macroeconomic volatility creates important feedback effects in the economy: small increases in international risk aversion may entail large amplification effects on macroeconomic volatility since domestic borrowers substitute towards cheaper but riskier foreign currency debt finance. 相似文献
75.
New Keynesian dynamics in a low interest rate environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent research has found that the dynamic properties of the New Keynesian model are unorthodox when the nominal interest rate is zero. Improvements in technology and reductions in the labor tax rate lower economic activity and the size of the government purchase output multiplier is very large. This paper provides evidence that these results are not empirically relevant. We show that a prototypical New Keynesian model fit to Japanese data exhibits orthodox dynamics during Japan's episode with zero interest rates. We then demonstrate that this specification is more consistent with outcomes in Japan than alternative specifications that have unorthodox properties. 相似文献
76.
77.
Anton Oleinik 《Forum for Social Economics》2013,42(2):157-177
The neoclassical approach toward explaining domination in the market is confronted with the approach of critical theory. Special attention is paid to domination by virtue of a constellation of interests in the market. This requires a particular technique for imposing will, namely conditional access to the market field. Interactions are modeled taking a field of domination composed of three organizational actors, one of them performing the function of drawing boundaries and controlling access. The concept of territoriality as spatially embedded power is applied to organization studies. Only one actor in the field has the ability to maximize its satisfaction, the two others minimize missed opportunities. 相似文献
78.
Past approaches to correcting for unit nonresponse in sample surveys by re-weighting the data assume that the problem is ignorable within arbitrary subgroups of the population. Theory and evidence suggest that this assumption is unlikely to hold, and that household characteristics such as income systematically affect survey compliance. We show that this leaves a bias in the re-weighted data and we propose a method of correcting for this bias. The geographic structure of nonresponse rates allows us to identify a micro compliance function, which is then used to re-weight the unit-record data. An example is given for the US Current Population Surveys, 1998–2004. We find, and correct for, a strong household income effect on response probabilities. 相似文献
79.
There is often a vast difference between the needs of the tourism industry and tourists on the one hand and of the local inhabitants of developing tourist destination areas — especially in Third World, rural settings — on the other hand. This article describes some of the problems associated with tourism development in general and discusses tourism development in terms of the psychological saturation effects it can have on local inhabitants. The authors state that tourism could enhance the development of rural areas on an ecologically and economically viable basis, and improve the quality of life of the rural black. They further state that it is possible to reconcile the needs and demands of locals and those of tourism through adequate planning and the development of effec‐tive intra‐ and intercultural communication systems. Using the Kosi Bay area of the Maputaland region in northern Natal as a case‐study, specific suggestions are offered about ways in which this process of need reconciliation can be built into tourism plan‐ning and into the development of a meaningful infrastructure for tourism. 相似文献
80.
Many regulated industries involve an oligopoly market structure. We examine optimal incentive regulation for a duopoly model of spatial competition when firms have private cost information. Market structure is endogenous as regulation determines market segments for firms and output distribution across consumers in each firm's market. By varying the assignment of consumers to firms, a relatively more efficient firm can be rewarded with a larger market, thus reducing quantity incentive distortions. We derive the optimal policy, assess the impact of asymmetric information relative to full information, and examine extensions to allow for ex ante asymmetries in firm structure. 相似文献