Immigrant earnings returns to post-migration education: Evidence for Canada, 1999–2013

Using the recently created Canadian Employer–Employee Dynamics Database (CEEDD), we analyze the earnings returns to investments in post secondary education by immigrants made after arrival in Canada. Fixed effects estimation results suggest that postsecondary education (PSE) in Canada increases annual earnings of men and women by 21.9% and 32.8%, respectively, for those enrolled full time and by 11.2% and 21.0% for those enrolled part time, respectively. Earnings effects of PSE are larger for immigrants admitted in the skilled worker category relative to family class immigrants and to refugees and are increasing in the level of education of the immigrants at landing. Immigrants from non-traditional source countries generally have larger returns to PSE than immigrants from English-language source countries, such as the US and the countries of Northwestern Europe.     

Frontier tourism: Retracing Mythic Journeys

Tourism experiences can be interpreted and analysed using mythic constructs, which may help to explain some of the emotional attraction of destinations and shed light on tourist motivations. Tourists in the modern era can visit remote and exotic ‘frontier’ locations, which may involve the re-enactment of exploration myths through the retracing of famous historical journeys. This article considers the motivations behind metempsychotic tourist experiences, based on interviews with 37 participants and a content analysis of 50 texts written by and about these types of tourists. Findings suggest that these ‘voyages of discovery’ may be motivated in part by a desire for a truly authentic experience, regardless of the staging inherent in such an expedition.     

The Macroeconomic Consequences of Anticipated Price Reform

This paper uses a two-period model to examine the macroeconomic consequences of anticipated price liberalization. In the first period prices are controlled, there is excess demand for goods and consumers must engage in costly queuing to make purchases. In the second period prices are freed, eliminating the need for queues. We establish the possibility of multiple Pareto-rankable equilibria and examine the effects of contingent policy rules. The framework enables us to examine a number of issues of importance, such as the problem of the monetary overhang, the relevance of budgetary policies and the effects of foreign aid.