This introduction lays the groundwork for a special issue of the Journal of Business Research devoted to “Animal Companions, Consumption Experiences, and the Marketing of Pets.” After some preliminary comments on the relevant background, the editors develop a conceptual scheme - based on a typology of consumer value - for organizing the contributions appearing in the special issue. They explain the assignment of various contributions to various value-related categories in order to account for the structure and meanings of the perspectives that emerge. 相似文献
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a rare kidney disorder impacting ~1:2,500 individuals among the general US population. Hypertension is a significant predictor of ADPKD progression, and a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the most common cause for mortality among ADPKD patients. Angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACE-I) are widely used as first-line treatment in ADPKD for the management of hypertension. However, their cost-effectiveness relative to other hypertensive medications, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), has never been assessed.
Objective: To determine if ARB are more cost-effective than ACE-Is as first-line treatment in ADPKD.
Methods: A Markov-state decision model was constructed for estimation of cost and outcome benefits in hypertensive ADPKD patients. Transition probabilities were extrapolated from a retrospective cohort study comparing chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage transitions in ADPKD patients. Annual pharmaceutical costs per average daily dose per CKD stage were extracted from a US healthcare claims database. Median total healthcare costs per CKD stage or transplant were extracted from the published literature. The time horizon was set to 30 years, with 1-year duration to cycle shift. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of ACE-I vs ARB per additional year of prevented transplant and/or death. A one-way probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted, with 10% variation in probabilities and cost.
Results: Total annual healthcare costs accrued after 30 years among ADPKD patients taking ACE-Is was estimated to be $3,505,028.41, compared to ARB at $3,644,327.65. Life expectancy was increased by 1.39 years among patients taking ACE-I. Approximate 10-year survival in patients taking ACE-Is was 47% compared to ARB at 34%.
Conclusions: ACE-I dominated ARB and displayed greater cost-effectiveness due to lower cost and increased capacity to prolong years of life without transplant or death among hypertensive ADPKD patients. This model strengthens the value of ACE-I over ARB as first-line treatment for hypertension management in ADPKD patients. 相似文献
This article describes how behavioral science research methods that management and marketing scholars apply in studying processes involving decisions and organizational outcomes relate to three principal research objectives: fulfilling generality of findings, achieving accuracy of process actions and outcomes, and capturing complexity of nuances and conditions. The article's unique contribution is in advocating and describing the possibilities of researchers replacing Thorngate's (1976) “postulate of commensurate complexity” - it is impossible for a theory of social behavior to be simultaneously general, accurate, and simple and as a result organizational theorists inevitably have to make tradeoffs in their theory development - with a new postulate of disproportionate achievement. This new postulate proposes the possibilities and advocates the building and testing of useful process models that achieve all three principal research objectives. Rather than assuming the stance that a researcher must make tradeoffs that permit achieving any two, but not all three, principal research objectives as Weick (1979) clock analogy shows, this article advocates embracing a property space (a three-dimensional box rather than a clock) view of research objectives and research methods. Tradeoffs need not be made; having-your-cake-and-eating-it-too is possible. The article includes a brief review of principal criticisms that case study researchers often express of surveys of respondents using fixed-point surveys. Likewise, the article reviews principal criticisms of case study research studies that researchers who favor the use of fixed-point surveys express. 相似文献
While researchers have probed predictors of product managers' performance in consumer goods firms, few have looked at the performance of the industrial product manager. In this article, Steven Lysonski and Arch Woodside use path analysis to examine causal models of industrial product managers' performance during periods of rapid technological change. Key variables are analyzed, including the effects of environmental uncertainty, boundary spanning behavior, role pressures, role outcomes and two performance measures. A total of 69 industrial product managers from New Zealand Telecom completed a questionnaire that included both operational measures of the key variables and their overall job performance. The results suggest that most of the hypothesized relationships are supportable empirically. Performance was hindered by environmental uncertainty, role conflict, role ambiguity, tension and dissatisfaction. The authors discuss their study's implications for improving the effectiveness of product management practices. 相似文献
We explore patterns of store choice and shopping behavior in the domain of women’s specialty clothing stores. Based on previous
research, four exploratory research propositions are examined to note patterns in customer loyalty to their “favorite” stores
and the incidence of shopping at competing stores. We conduct a vulnerability analysis to note which stores have customer
segments most vulnerable to marketing efforts of competitors. Our findings suggest customers in the women’s specialty clothing
market do not exhibit 100 percent loyalty to the favored retailer, and the share of trips to the favored retailer is generally
constant among stores. The primary implications to retail managers are that they should be most concerned withincreasing the customer franchise base (those naming the retailer’s store as “favorite”) rather than focusing on increasing thefrequency of shopping trips among those customers that comprise the current franchise base. 相似文献
The theory of probability is the most abstract mathematical science with unlimited scope of application. However, the essential question of the theory of probability has not been solved: how can we use probabilities in the epistemology of empirical data sets? The answer to this question can be given on the basis of the concept of homogeneous random processes. 相似文献
This study is the first to examine the spatial location of different actors in the entrepreneurial support network for high-technology start-up firms. The actors included in this study are lead venture capitalists, independent members of the board of directors, investment bankers, and law firms. Using data based on 44 semiconductor initial public offerings, the geographical location of these newly public firms and the actors in their support network is mapped, and the spatial relationships between these firms and their network are examined. It was found that the geographical proximity between these actors and the firms they support varied significantly, with a firm's legal counsel being the most proximate, followed by investment bankers, venture capitalists, and independent directors. 相似文献