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61.
R. J. Lister 《Accounting, Business & Financial History》2006,16(1):121-127
An interest charge is made up of an award for waiting known as the real rate of interest, a premium for risk and compensation for transaction costs. Where inflation exists the lender seeks further compensation. In order to understand the composition and evolution of different versions of the usury prohibition it is necessary to ask which components of an interest charge are prohibited by each version. The Judaic prohibition has two aspects which are of particular interest to business historians and students of usury. First, the general rule is that a reward for waiting is prohibited. This focuses on the time-based part of interest charge. Second, interest is prohibited because it amounts to placing a stumbling block before the blind. This focuses on the typical gullibility of the borrower confronted by a more expert, better funded lender. Economics confirms and enriches our understanding of these important aspects of the prohibition. They achieve this by increasing our understanding of two facts: first, that the borrower is a gullible individual subject to irrational and inconsistent behaviour; and, second, that this behaviour relates to the waiting aspect of interest which is proscribed in the prohibition. How far these insights apply to other civilisations' prohibition, particularly those which derive from the Judaic prohibition, merits further study; so also do the ethical lessons of the Mosaic rules for a globalised society based on capitalism. 相似文献
62.
63.
If a tax on energy affects the demand for a nondurable good, the stock of a durable good, and the proportion of the energy consumption per unit of service of the durable good, an integrated approach for investigating consumer demand for durables and nondurables is required. The purpose of this paper is to employ the concept of a variable expenditure function with quasi-fixed durable goods as arguments in order to derive a demand system for nondurable goods in prices of the nondurables, in the stocks of durables, and in variable expenditure. From the envelope condition desired stocks of durables can be calculated and investment demand for durables can be determined. For an application we choose a variable expenditure function based on the almost ideal demand specification, and evaluate alternative environmental policy measures using the equivalent variation for comparing the welfare effects. 相似文献
64.
C S van der Waal 《Development Southern Africa》1994,11(3):429-436
In One destiny: Our common future in Africa the author relates, in popular fashion, a series of incidents which convinced him that the basic difference between black and white in South Africa is cultural deep‐seated and the cause of underdevelopment and conflict He develops a circular argument in which world‐view is taken as the root of perceptions, values and activities. The effects of experience and economic and political factors are given secondary importance. This argument cannot accommodate social change and differentiation, and the author tends to concentrate on perceptions and events which he finds morally unacceptable. He gives an unbalanced assessment and an ethnocentric interpretation of African life. Possible reasons for this type of argument are explored and an alternative which takes its departure from the interaction between experience and perception is offered 相似文献
65.
The main statements in this article are taken from the report ?Untersuchung der Grundlagen und Entwicklungsperspektiven des Bankensektors in Deutschland ‘ for the Federal Ministry of Finance cf. www.diw.de/deutsch/produkte/publikationen/gutachten/aktuell/index.html. 《Economic Bulletin》2004,41(7):235-238
66.
Dominic Gasbarro Kim‐Song Le Robert G. Schwebach J. Kenton Zumwalt 《The Journal of Financial Research》2004,27(1):133-141
Announcements of syndication loans increase borrowers' shareholder wealth if they are revolving credit agreements but not if they are term loans. Share price responses to revolving credit announcements are positive and significant, whereas the wealth effect for term loans is negative and significant. The results show that announcements from both the financial press and commercial information providers can affect borrower share price reaction. Overall, single syndication announcements appear to be more newsworthy than multiple announcements reported in the financial press, and we find evidence of information leakage, post‐announcement drift, or both. 相似文献
67.
68.
Countries and their products: A cognitive structure perspective 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Terence A. Shimp Saeed Samiee Thomas J. Madden 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1993,21(4):323-330
This research reports on consumers’ cognitive structures for countries and their products. In-depth personal interviews identified
respondents’ knowledge, beliefs, myths, and other relevant cognitions related to a diverse set of 11 countries and their products.
Derived cognitive dimensions were analyzed via correspondence analysis, and the 11 countries were subsequently grouped into
five sets, or cognitive categories. In addition to the empirical findings, the article introduces the concept of country equity
as a new way of thinking about global brands and discusses managerial implications related thereto.
He has published in theJournal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Marketing, and elsewhere.
His articles have appeared in theJournal of Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of International Business Studies, California Management
Review, and others.
He is the coauthor of two marketing research textbooks and has published in leading marketing and social psychological journals. 相似文献
69.
In this paper we investigate the effect of golden parachute (GP) adoptions on shareholder wealth. We control for the potential effect a GP adoption has on the probability that a firm will receive a takeover bid by investigating the wealth effects for firms that are in play when the GP is adopted. We find that announcements are wealth neutral when firms are in play and wealth increasing when firms are not in play when a GP is adopted. The results suggest that GPs have no influence on the success of a tender offer, refuting the hypotheses that they either align manager and shareholder interests or that they entrench inefficient managers. The difference in the results for in-play and not-in-play firms is consistent with the hypothesis that GPs signal an increased likelihood that a firm will receive a takeover bid. 相似文献
70.
Great variation in nursing resource use is documented within DRGs. Much of this variation may be explained by patient severity of illness. Variance in nursing resource use within DRGs can be reduced by using a severity of illness instrument to score patients. 相似文献