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41.
Lilian Soares Outtes Wanderley Rafael Lucian Francisca Farache José Milton de Sousa Filho 《Journal of Business Ethics》2008,82(2):369-378
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a much-discussed subject in the business world. The Internet has become one
of the main tools for CSR information disclosure, allowing companies to publicise more information less expensively and faster
than ever before. As a result, corporations are increasingly concerned with communicating ethically and responsibly to the
diversity of stakeholders through the web. This paper addresses the main question as whether CSR information disclosure on
corporate websites is influenced by country of origin and/or industry sector. Analysing the websites of 127 corporations from
emerging countries, such as Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and South Africa, it becomes evident
that both country of origin and industry sector have a significant influence over CSR information disclosure on the web (CSRIDOW).
Based on the data studied, country of origin has a stronger influence over CSRIDOW than industry sector.
相似文献
José Milton de Sousa FilhoEmail: |
42.
Will African Agriculture Survive Climate Change? 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Kurukulasuriya Pradeep; Mendelsohn Robert; Hassan Rashid; Benhin James; Deressa Temesgen; Diop Mbaye; Eid Helmy Mohamed; Fosu K. Yerfi; Gbetibouo Glwadys; Jain Suman; Mahamadou Ali; Mano Renneth; Kabubo-Mariara Jane; El-Marsafawy Samia; Molua Ernest; Ouda Samiha; Ouedraogo Mathieu; Sene Isidor; Maddison David; Seo S. Niggol; Dinar Ariel 《World Bank Economic Review》2006,20(3):367-388
Measurement of the likely magnitude of the economic impact ofclimate change on African agriculture has been a challenge.Using data from a survey of more than 9,000 farmers across 11African countries, a cross-sectional approach estimates howfarm net revenues are affected by climate change compared withcurrent mean temperature. Revenues fall with warming for drylandcrops (temperature elasticity of 1.9) and livestock (5.4),whereas revenues rise for irrigated crops (elasticity of 0.5),which are located in relatively cool parts of Africa and arebuffered by irrigation from the effects of warming. At first,warming has little net aggregate effect as the gains for irrigatedcrops offset the losses for dryland crops and livestock. Warming,however, will likely reduce dryland farm income immedia-tely.The final effects will also depend on changes in precipitation,because revenues from all farm types increase with precipitation.Because irrigated farms are less sensitive to climate, wherewater is available, irrigation is a practical adaptation toclimate change in Africa. 相似文献
43.
Water marketseither formal or informalcan be anefficient method for reallocating scarce water supplies. Atthe same time certain constraints can raise the transactioncosts of trading water. This paper reviews the conditions necessaryto establish successful water markets, identifies potentialproblems, and offers mitigating strategies. It also uses examplesof several informal and formal water markets already in operationto illustrate these problems and the solutions to them. 相似文献
44.
This paper provides evidence on the risk factors that are priced in bank equities. Alternative empirical models with precedent in the nonfinancial asset pricing literature are tested, including the single-factor CAPM, three-factor Fama–French model, and ICAPM. Our empirical results indicate that an unconditional two-factor ICAPM model that includes the stock market excess return and shocks to the slope of the yield curve is useful in explaining the cross-section of bank stock returns. However, we find no evidence that firm specific factors such as size and book-to-market ratios are priced in bank stock returns. These results have a number of important implications for the estimation of the banks’ cost of capital as well as regulatory initiatives to utilize market discipline to evaluate bank risk under Basel II. 相似文献
45.
Ariel Salleh 《Futures》2009,41(4):201-209
This essay addresses postmodern feminist statements on ‘women’ and ‘nature’, as expressed in the influential work of US theorist Donna Haraway and some of her European followers like Braidotti, Bryld and Lykke. It makes a critical reading of epistemological postures adopted by these postmoderns, revealing a number of internal incoherencies. And it finds their substantive analyses as unhelpful to radical political action in the here and now, as it is to utopian prefiguration of a just and sustainable future. The author argues from the perspective of an ‘embodied materialist ecofeminism’ and makes two claims. First, the postmodern preoccupation with methodologies of discourse analysis becomes counterproductive by deflecting attention from activism. Secondly, Haraway's quasi-celebration of capitalist patriarchal technoscience with it iconic cyborg, presents a dystopia that confuses the political focus of feminists, just as an aggressive neoliberal form of globalisation colonises and consumes the support systems of all life on earth. 相似文献
46.
Lorenzo Sacconi’s recent re-statement of his social contract account of business ethics is a major contribution to our understanding
of the normative nature of CSR as the expression of a fair multi-party agreement supported by the economic rationality of each participant. However, at one crucial point in his theory, Sacconi introduces the concept of stakeholders’
conformist preferences – their disposition to punish the firm if it defects from the agreement, refusing to abide by its own explicit CSR policies and norms. We take issue with
him over this concept: we show that the assumption of conformist preferences is a moral premise, and it arguably weakens the
normativity of the theory as a whole. As an alternative, we propose an evolutionary game theoretic approach. We draw upon
recent applications of evolutionary game theory to moral philosophy (Skyrms, Danielson), and we use a computer simulation
of the trust game. According to this approach, the failure of the logic of reputation, which is the problem conformist preferences
were introduced to solve, is overcome through the dynamics of interaction. 相似文献
47.
Anabela Botelho Ariel Dinar Lígia M. Costa Pinto Amnon Rapoport 《Experimental Economics》2014,17(4):649-672
Most common pool resource (CPR) dilemmas share two features: they evolve over time and they are managed under environmental uncertainties. We propose a stylized dynamic model that integrates these two dimensions. A distinguishing feature of our model is that the duration of the game is determined endogenously by the users’ collective decisions. In the proposed model, if the resource stock level below which the irreversible event occurs is known in advance, then the optimal resource use coincides with a unique symmetric equilibrium that guarantees survival of the resource. As the uncertainty about the threshold level increases, resource use increases if users adopt decision strategies that quickly deplete the resource stock, but decreases if they adopt path strategies guaranteeing that the unknown threshold level is never exceeded. We show that under relatively high uncertainty about resource size, CPR users frequently implement decision strategies that terminate the game immediately. When this uncertainty is reduced, they maintain a positive resource level for longer durations. 相似文献
48.
49.
This article attempts to integrate the production‐ and the efficiency‐based approaches for evaluating the impact of extension on farms' performance. For this purpose the nonneutral production frontier model is used, and the empirical analysis refers to a sample of farms from Crete, Greece. The empirical results support the proposed formulation instead of either the production‐ or the efficiency‐based formulations as extension was found to have a statistically significant effect on closing both the technology and management gaps. Public and private extension services were found to be competitive in the production function and complementary in the technical inefficiency effect function. In addition, farms using both public and private extension services achieved a higher degree of technical efficiency than those using either public or private extension services, and farms with no extension services were found to be the least efficient. 相似文献
50.
POVERTY AND INCOME INEQUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA DURING THE 1980s 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
George Psacharopoulos Samuel Morley Ariel Fiszbein Haeduck Lee William C. Wood 《Review of Income and Wealth》1995,41(3):245-264
On average, poverty and income inequality increased in Latin America during the 1980s. Forty-six percent of the increase in poverty took place in the cities of Brazil alone, though part of this reflects the migration of poor rural inhabitants to urban areas. There is strong evidence that both income inequality and poverty mirrored the economic cycle, rising during recession and falling during recovery. Economies that grew (e.g. Colombia, Costa Rica) performed better with respect to poverty and income inequality than those that stagnated. In particular, countries that failed to stabilize effectively (e.g. Brazil, Peru) experienced substantial increases in poverty. Educational attainment has the greatest correlation with both income inequality and the probability of being poor. From a policy standpoint, there is a clear association between the provision of education, lessening of income inequality, and poverty reduction. 相似文献