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21.
Trade integration and the EU economic membership criteria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this paper is to consider whether the European Union (EU)'s economic membership criteria for the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) and Cyprus (the Candidate Countries) are fulfilled. To this end, I examine the actual and potential levels of trade between the Candidate Countries and the EU countries using the gravity model. The results show a high degree of trade integration between all Candidate Countries and the EU, indicating that the Candidate Countries would not face any serious difficulties in coping with the competitive pressure and market forces within the Union in the medium term. The European Commission, however, suggested the contrary for some of the Candidate Countries in its opinions of 1997. 相似文献
22.
The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of the strategies that biotechnology firms in Sweden implement, how they manage to keep their competence ahead and how they finance their research. Their main factor of success is the ability to rapidly identify the latest research findings from academia and turn them into commerciable technology. The collaboration with academia is thus an important part of the networking strategy of the biotechnology firms in Sweden. Outsourcing parts of their activities keeps the firms flexible, which is necessary in this high risk business.Whether a firm chooses an intermediary or integrating position is not found to be correlated to age or size. It is instead heavily influenced by the strategies of large pharmaceutical companies, the nature of the firms' core technology, expectations of investors and the overall access of capital. The private capital market in Sweden has undergone a change during the last years. New marketplaces for young, innovative firms have been created in Sweden and their existence is most likely one reason for the increasing presence of venture capitalists in the country. That, in turn, increases the opportunities for new firms within biotechnology to develop in Sweden. 相似文献
23.
Artur C. B. da Silva Lopes 《Empirical Economics》1999,24(2):341-359
Following recent work of Franses, Hylleberg and Lee (FHL), this paper analyses the consequences of fitting a deterministic
seasonal model to a quarterly time series which can be (at least approximately) described by a seasonal unit root(s) model.
Besides the distribution of the coefficient of determination, the empirical distributions of two commonly used statistics
are also investigated through Monte Carlo experiments for small, moderately large and large samples. FHL's work is also extended
allowing the possibility of residual autocorrelation corrections. The main conclusion that emerges from the results is that
one should not try to measure the importance of deterministic seasonality nor test for its presence in the context of such
(static) regression models, even when using some form of residual autocorrelation correction. A simple empirical application
is provided to illustrate our results.
First version received: July 1997/final version received: July 1998 相似文献
24.
Lars Nilsson 《Review of World Economics》1999,135(1):102-127
Two-Way Trade between Unequal Partners: The EU and the Developing Countries. — This paper analyses the intra-industry trade specialization between the EU and the developing countries between 1980 and 1992. It shows that EU intra-industry trade with the developing countries has greatly increased and that the traditional measure of intra-industry trade, the Grubel-Lloyd index, is inappropriate when applied to trade between developed and developing countries. By and large, the empirical analysis confirms that intra-industry trade between the developed and the developing countries increases with average and per capita income, and with reduced differences in economic size and capital-labour ratios. 相似文献
25.
Allocation of track capacity concerns multiple users facing demand indivisibilities, running trains over an inelastic supply of railway tracks. The paper suggests a Vickrey-type mechanism to handle incentive aspects of this technically complex optimisation task. Here, the price for operating a train will correspond to the bids foregone by other operators who are pushed off their preferred routes. The paper reports the results of 11 experimental markets using variations of this mechanism where each market includes up to 10 trading periods, and subjects bid for routes over a highly stylised railway network. The experiments generated solutions that capture 90–100% of potential benefits. 相似文献
26.
Tomas Blomquist Markus Hällgren Andreas Nilsson Anders Söderholm 《Project Management Journal》2010,41(1):5-16
Research on projects is not only an immature field of research, but it is also insubstantial when it comes to understanding what occurs in projects. This article contributes to making project management research matter to the academic as well as to the practitioner by developing a project‐as‐practice approach, in alignment with the ongoing debate in social science research. The article outlines a framework and argues that there are two major challenges to the researcher and also suggests how these challenges can be met. Underlying notions of the practice approach are outlined to ensure a development of the project‐as‐practice approach that makes project management research matter! 相似文献
27.
Transport biofuels in the European Union: The state of play 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The implementation of the Biofuels Directive (2003/30/EC) in 25 member states is assessed here. Implementation problems are identified and analysed for the purpose of suggesting a way forward for biofuels policy in the European Union. Three main patterns are observed: effective implementation, formal compliance and weak implementation. Problems encountered in the policy process are both of a practical and more fundamental nature, i.e., due to a lack of consensus on the priority of competing policy objectives and disagreement on the suitability of first-generation biofuels for reaching the objectives. In this situation, stronger enforcement of targets does not appear to be a constructive way forward. Based on our analysis, we argue that the European Union should instead, and in agreement with the principle of subsidiarity, allow member states more flexibility. 相似文献
28.
While brokerage houses use both teams of sell-side analysts and individual analysts to conduct earnings research, there is
no empirical research examining whether teams and individuals differ with regard to their forecasting performance or purpose.
We first examine the most-often researched dimension of forecasting performance, earnings forecast accuracy, and show that
teams are less accurate than individual analysts in general and their own individual team members in particular. We conjecture
that teams focus their efforts on an alternative dimension of forecasting performance, timeliness, and show that team forecasts
are timelier than those of individual analysts in general and their own individual team members in particular. Consistent
with the notion that teams trade-off forecast accuracy for timeliness to comply with a market research demand, we show that
team forecast revisions are associated with larger market responses than those of individuals. Finally, we illuminate the
nature of team assignments by documenting that the firms that teams follow are in greater financial distress and larger in
size. 相似文献
29.
Artur Dmochowski 《Intereconomics》1995,30(6):305-312
Central European governments see foreign direct investment (FDI) as one of the main macroeconomic mechanisms for stabilizing the volatile process of economic and political transition. What are the favorite destinations of FDI in Central Europe? What are the motives of Western investors? Why does the amount of FDI vary so much between countries? 相似文献
30.
Jerker Nilsson 《Industrial Marketing Management》1977,6(5):317-328
In this article, the results from a study of the purchasing procedures in the two largest companies in Swedish grocery distribution are presented. Comparisons with similar studies are interwoven throughout the text concerning distribution companies in the U. S. A., Canada, the U. K., Finland and Norway. A tentative conclusion from the comparisons is that there are some general differences in purchasing procedures between North America and Europe. Factors which could explain these differences are market size and the degree of concentration in the food distribution industry. 相似文献