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81.
This paper assesses the effects of short-sale constraints on asset prices. The analysis focuses on a particular period in Sweden during which shorting stocks was impossible but stock options were traded. Firstly, the effect on both stock options and the underlying stock was investigated jointly by considering deviations from put-call-parity. Secondly, the effects on only the derivatives were investigated by considering their implied volatilites. The main findings are: (i) the impact on pricing are consistent with a short-sale constraint, (ii) these effects are much more pronounced when shorting is not possible, (iii) these effects are not solely attributable to the mispricing of the stock, as previous research indicates, and (iv) access to international shorting markets can alleviate local short-sale constraints. 相似文献
82.
Eric A. Nilsson 《劳资关系》1997,36(3):324-348
This article tests two rival theories of the growth of union decertification: a neoclassical and an institutionalist. Both perform well when they are independently tested against the data. However, Cox nonnested hypothesis tests indicate that when these two theories are tested against each other, the institutionalist theory is superior to (i.e., variance encompasses) the neoclassical theory. 相似文献
83.
基于对近期未来的人口―经济增长的预测,分析了城市化增长对未来纸制品消费的影响.用"自相关误差回归"的方法检验人口和城市化增长的不同发展路径对于纸制品消费的影响.中国的城市化过程对纸制品消费影响很大,更快的城市化进程,相应的影响会更强烈.比较人口变量和经济变量,城市家庭经济因素相对更加明显.在近期的未来,随着纸制品消费的增加,其对环境污染的压力也会增大. 相似文献
84.
Sales of private goods with affiliated public good attributes have markedly risen in recent years. This fact is difficult
to explain within the paradigm of purely self-interested behavior. This paper investigates factors influencing consumer demand
for pork products with certifications related to the environment, animal welfare, and antibiotics. Using psychometric scaling
techniques, we measure individuals’ degree of altruism and propensity toward free riding. Results of a random parameter logit
model applied to choice data obtained from a nationwide survey in the United States indicates that more altruistic individuals
are willing to pay more for pork products with public good attributes than less altruistic individuals and free riders. These
results indicate that private purchases of goods with public-good attributes are not simply a result of individuals’ perceptions
of the ability to mitigate private risks such as food safety, but that individuals are making private choices to affect public
outcomes. Results have implications for policy makers weighing the relative costs and benefits of food labeling policies versus
bans related to certain livestock production practices. 相似文献
85.
We test for substitutability of wage differentials and accident insurance benefits in late imperial Austria. We establish that workers earned compensating wage differentials and that accident insurance benefits acted as substitutes for those market-based differentials. We estimate that an average expected value of insurance benefit reduced the compensating wage differential by about one-third. The shift from negligence liability to compulsory accident insurance thus induced both gains to workers in the form of income certainty, and losses in the form of smaller risk differentials and thus lower wages. 相似文献
86.
Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We study diversificsation within the real estate industry because of its relative transparency: portfolio management of assets with well-defined market prices. Diversification is over property types and geographical regions. The major cause of the diversification discount is not diversification per se but anticipated costs due to rent dissipation in future diversifying acquisitions. Firms expected to pursue nonfocusing strategies do indeed diversify more, are valued ex ante at a 20% discount over firms anticipated to follow a focusing strategy, are predominantly privately controlled and use dual-class shares extensively. The ex ante diversification discount is, therefore, a measure of agency costs. 相似文献
87.
A systems GMM estimation method is used to estimate the Feldstein–Horioka equation from 1960 to 2007 with a panel of 13 OECD countries. It is found that the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle exists in a weaker form with a much reduced saving retention coefficient. The Bretton Woods agreement in particular seems to have weakened the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle by significantly improving international capital mobility. In comparison the Maastricht agreement seems to have improved capital mobility only by a small magnitude. The Blundell and Bond systems GMM method and structural break tests of Mancini-Griffoli and Pauwels are used in this paper. 相似文献
88.
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90.
An empirical example and a simulation study show that much more attention should be devoted to the practical issue of selecting the maximum admissible order of integration for quarterly macroeconomic time series. In fact, it is shown that when that order is too high, one may get (spurious) evidence for an excessive number of unit roots, resulting in an overdifferenced series.
Besides introducing a simple and intuitive definition for the order of integration of quarterly time series, this paper also presents a simple testing strategy to determine that order for the case of macroeconomic data.Helpful comments and suggestions from João Santos Silva and Paulo Rodrigues are gratefully acknowledged. I am also grateful to two anonymous referees, whose comments and suggestions helped improving this paper. Obviously, the usual disclaimer applies. This work has also benefited from financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through Programa POCTI (ECO/33778/2000). A previous version of this paper was presented at the Royal Economic Society Conference, March 2002, Warwick. 相似文献