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41.
Over the last decade, the public sector in Mexico experienced substantial fiscal reform, divestiture of public enterprises,
and the elimination of many regulations affecting pay and employment. This study analyzes the changes in the public/private
sector differences in wages during the 1987–1997 period. The results from analyzing microdata from the Encuesta Nacional de
Empleo Urbano show that relative public sector wages increased from 1987 to 1997. Most of the relative wage increase in the
public sector can be explained by increases in the price of skills and by changes in sorting across sectors. The results have
important public policy implications since they suggest that public sector workers earn more and their wages have grown faster
than those of their private sector counterparts. As such, policies contemplating public sector reform should take into account
the effect of these measures on the inter-sectoral income distribution and the overall economic growth.
First version received: April 2000/Final version received: December 2000 相似文献
42.
In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force
Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys.
Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to
underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly.
Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities. 相似文献
43.
Maril Capelo Bernal Pedro Araú jo Pinz n Concha lvarez-Dardet Espejo 《Accounting, Business & Financial History》2005,15(2):145-169
This paper analyses the influence exerted by compulsory mechanisms and cognitive and social factors on the adoption and implementation of double-entry bookkeeping. The study focuses on a small, commercial and family owned company located in Spain in the period 1829-1852. As our main conclusion we suggest that the adoption of double-entry bookkeeping in 1851 was influenced more by the managers' self-perception as traders, and the belief (internal and environmental) that the company must employ an accounting method appropriate to its new commercial status, than by State pressures derived from the enactment of a new accounting regulation in 1829. 相似文献
44.
There is a substantial theoretical literature on the potential effects of loyalty contracts, but relatively little empirical work. We employ the event study methodology to examine the competitive effects of exclusionary contracts in the ocean shipping industry, where they were the subject of an extended legal and political struggle. We find that some of the most important events in this conflict caused significant changes in shipping firms' stock returns, indicating exclusive contracts increased their profits. We then examine the effect of these events on net exporting industries' stock returns, and provide evidence that these contracts contributed to carriers' market power. 相似文献
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47.
Empirical evidence suggests that firms often manipulate reported numbers to avoid debt covenant violations. We study how a firm’s ability to manipulate reports affects the terms of its debt contracts and the resulting investment and manipulation decisions that the firm implements. Our model generates novel empirical predictions regarding the use and the level of debt covenant, the interest rate, the efficiency of investment decisions, and the likelihood of covenant violations. For example, the model predicts that the optimal debt contract for firms with relatively strong (weak) corporate governance (i.e., cost of manipulation) induces overinvestment (underinvestment). Moreover, for firms with strong (weak) corporate governance, an increase in corporate governance quality leads to tighter (looser) covenant, more (less) frequent covenant violations and lower (higher) interest rate. Our model highlights that the interest rate, which is a common proxy for the cost of debt, neither accounts for the distortion of investment efficiency nor the expected manipulation costs arising under debt financing. We propose a measure of cost of debt capital that accounts for these effects. 相似文献
48.
K. Fernández-Aguirre M. A. Garín-Martín J. I. Modroño-Herrán 《Quality and Quantity》2014,48(4):2209-2224
Principal axis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and correspondence analysis (CA) are useful for identifying structures in data through interesting planar graphic displays. However, some kinds of data sets can be dealt alternatively with PCA or CA. This paper focuses on methods, such as PCA and CA, and on visual displays. Our aim is to illustrate the implications for a potential user of selecting either method, and its advantages and disadvantages, from an applied point of view. This is a matter covered broadly in textbooks and elsewhere considering theoretical arguments. Our purpose is to contribute to the comparison between these methods, over the same data set, in order to illustrate them for the practitioner. In the first part of this paper we present a novel analytical study of a binary matrix associated with a non-oriented axis-symmetric graph and show that CA outperforms standardized PCA for the reconstitution and visualization of such kind of graphs. In the second part we present a case using real data dealing with the distribution of employees in different economic sectors for the countries of the European Union, analyzed by means of standardized PCA and two-way CA, in order to see the differences between the two methods in practice. 相似文献
49.
Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade - The vast empirical literature on strategic alliances has often overlooked their theoretical foundations. We pose a hypothesis: do small and medium... 相似文献
50.
POSTERIOR‐PREDICTIVE EVIDENCE ON US INFLATION USING EXTENDED NEW KEYNESIAN PHILLIPS CURVE MODELS WITH NON‐FILTERED DATA 下载免费PDF全文
Nalan Baştürk Cem Çakmakli S. Pinar Ceyhan Herman K. Van Dijk 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2014,29(7):1164-1182
Changing time series properties of US inflation and economic activity, measured as marginal costs, are modeled within a set of extended New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) models. It is shown that mechanical removal or modeling of simple low‐frequency movements in the data may yield poor predictive results which depend on the model specification used. Basic NKPC models are extended to include structural time series models that describe typical time‐varying patterns in levels and volatilities. Forward‐ and backward‐looking expectation components for inflation are incorporated and their relative importance is evaluated. Survey data on expected inflation are introduced to strengthen the information in the likelihood. Use is made of simulation‐based Bayesian techniques for the empirical analysis. No credible evidence is found on endogeneity and long‐run stability between inflation and marginal costs. Backward‐looking inflation appears stronger than forward‐looking inflation. Levels and volatilities of inflation are estimated more precisely using rich NKPC models. The extended NKPC structures compare favorably with existing basic Bayesian vector autoregressive and stochastic volatility models in terms of fit and prediction. Tails of the complete predictive distributions indicate an increase in the probability of deflation in recent years. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献