全文获取类型
收费全文 | 753篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 111篇 |
工业经济 | 69篇 |
计划管理 | 134篇 |
经济学 | 142篇 |
综合类 | 17篇 |
运输经济 | 6篇 |
旅游经济 | 13篇 |
贸易经济 | 132篇 |
农业经济 | 86篇 |
经济概况 | 70篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 10篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 98篇 |
2012年 | 12篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 24篇 |
2002年 | 21篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 13篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有780条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Jonathan Barry Forman J.D. Patricia L. Scahill F.S.A. J.D. 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(3):75-84
Abstract U.S. society is aging. The nature of work has changed from work that requires physical strength to work based on knowledge. As a result, workers are beginning to phase into retirement rather than going directly from full-time work to full retirement. From a retirement income perspective, many final-average-pay defined benefit plans have features that make phased retirement difficult at best and detrimental at worst. U.S. pension law and regulations present barriers to phased retirement if the phased retiree wants to receive a portion of available pension benefits during phased retirement. This paper examines private sector options to encourage phased retirement and to eliminate the disincentives that currently affect defined benefit plans. It offers alternative calculations of final average pay that do not penalize the part-time worker. It also demonstrates that the plan’s early retirement reduction and late retirement increase can be set to maintain actuarial equity throughout phased retirement. The paper presents benefit calculations with equal actuarial values for various payout patterns. The paper discusses the coordination between phased retirement and subsidized early retirement. Finally, the paper notes some of the changes in ERISA that will be needed to facilitate phased retirement in defined benefit plans, especially for participants who want to receive pension distributions while working part time. 相似文献
82.
83.
84.
85.
The pre-eminence of the bank branch as an effective delivery system arose from the difficulties associated with marketing financial services. The branch provides a highly efficient mechanism for administering, collecting and delivering cash as well as a wide range of lending and ancillary services. Historically, branch networks arose to attract cheap retail deposits through the convenience of the branch location itself, and through branch-based payment systems. Indeed, the relationship between the customer and the branch underpins the whole banking process. However, the branch's exclusive function is tenable only so long as the assumptions and conditions that determined its historical position hold good. These assumptions are that the market will continue to respond to it, that it will remain the basis for patterns of competitive behaviour, and that more effective and economic delivery systems will not emerge. This article presents the view that these assumptions are in fact being undermined, particularly by innovations in technology, which will necessitate a complete rethink of future strategy in retail branch banking. 相似文献
86.
Spatial Statistics and Real Estate 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
R. Kelley Pace Ronald Barry C. F. Sirmans 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》1998,17(1):5-13
Real estate has historically employed statistical tools designed for independent observations while simultaneously noting the violation of these assumptions in the form of clustering of same sign residuals by neighborhood, along roads, and near facilities such as airports. Spatial statistics takes these dependencies into account to provide more realistic inference (OLS has biased standard errors), better prediction, and more efficient parameter estimation. This article provides an overview of the field and directs readers to the relevant literature and software. 相似文献
87.
Thomas E. Barry 《广告杂志》2013,42(3):42-43
Abstract This survey, conducted among 17 of the 25 largest advertising agencies, highlights the reduction of entry-level employment opportunities, for college graduates, when 1974 is compared to 1973. The survey also gives indication of the relative popularity various schools enjoy as preparers of future advertising executives. The author closes with an appeal to the advertising industry concerning the need to increase the number of entry-level opportunities. 相似文献
88.
Barry Schouten Jelke Bethlehem Koen Beullens Øyvin Kleven Geert Loosveldt Annemieke Luiten Katja Rutar Natalie Shlomo Chris Skinner 《Revue internationale de statistique》2012,80(3):382-399
Non‐response is a common source of error in many surveys. Because surveys often are costly instruments, quality‐cost trade‐offs play a continuing role in the design and analysis of surveys. The advances of telephone, computers, and Internet all had and still have considerable impact on the design of surveys. Recently, a strong focus on methods for survey data collection monitoring and tailoring has emerged as a new paradigm to efficiently reduce non‐response error. Paradata and adaptive survey designs are key words in these new developments. Prerequisites to evaluating, comparing, monitoring, and improving quality of survey response are a conceptual framework for representative survey response, indicators to measure deviations thereof, and indicators to identify subpopulations that need increased effort. In this paper, we present an overview of representativeness indicators or R‐indicators that are fit for these purposes. We give several examples and provide guidelines for their use in practice. 相似文献
89.
Mark Palmer Barry Quinn 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2013,23(1):27-52
It is argued that international retail research has overlooked an essential component of the retail internationalization process, notably learning. This paper proposes an exploratory framework that enables the application of learning theory to the study of international retailing. The paper provides a meaningful starting point for developing an overarching framework which would represent one sort of re-conceptualization of the retail internationalization process, and arguably a new perspective for reinterpreting, re-evaluating and refining the existing literature on international retailing. Alongside this exploratory framework, we present a series of research propositions that might serve as an agenda for research into international retail learning. The paper concludes with a summary of the key themes and ways in which the area of international retail learning may be investigated. 相似文献
90.
The information technology sector in Europe, comprising the production of computer hardware and software, is disproportionately located on the continent's western periphery. The vast bulk of computers sold in Europe in the 1990s were assembled either in Ireland or Scotland, while Ireland also accounted for over 40 per cent of all packaged software and 60 per cent of all business software sold in Europe. As the sector in both these locations is largely foreign owned, the question arises as to whether EU enlargement might impact on the geography of the sector by diverting information technology FDI from the western to the new eastern periphery. This issue is explored in the present paper by analysis of five individual sub‐segments: computer assembly and electronic components, R&D, mass‐market packaged software and the remainder of the software sector. The paper deems it likely that computer assembly operations will continue the shift seen in recent years from Ireland and Scotland to Central and Eastern Europe. The production of electronic components such as microchips represents a growing share of activity in most EU locations as well as in the CEE countries. Analysis suggests that this pattern of geographically‐dispersed growth will resume once the consequences of the collapse of the high‐tech bubble are played out. The distribution of R&D activity across Europe and globally is also considered unlikely to be much affected by enlargement. As for software, as long as localisation activities remain important, Ireland – the EU location in which most of this activity is carried out – seems set to be able to compete strongly, given the attractiveness of its English‐language environment and other attributes to the young continental Europeans upon which this activity relies. Most software services remain largely non‐tradable however. This sector will grow in the accession states as computer penetration rates converge on the EU average, but without displacing activity from the incumbent EU member states. For firms already competing in the tradable niche software segment, on the other hand, enlargement cannot but be beneficial because of its impact on the size of the market into which they sell. 相似文献