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941.
Daniela Andrén 《Economic Modelling》2012,29(6):2673-2685
Legally binding treaties or memorandums have been used over time to regulate the issue of national borders of many European countries. As a result, relatively large groups of people have become ethnic minorities in other countries. They may conserve their ethnic identities, and therefore their children may accumulate ethnic human capital (e.g., language, culture, and religion) in addition to the general human capital of the country. Therefore, they can get access to an appropriate occupation linked by tradition or other factors to their ethnic group. This paper uses estimates from a selection model with an endogenous switch among three broad types of occupational groups to analyze the composition of the wage gap between Romanians and ethnic Hungarians in Romania before and during the transition from a planned to a market economy. The results suggest that the institutional settings of the controlled economy allowed Romanians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns, while the changes during the transition years allowed ethnic Hungarians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns. 相似文献
942.
This paper examines the effects of learning HIV status on economic behavior among rural Malawians. According to economic life-cycle models, if learning HIV results is informative about additional years of life, being diagnosed HIV-positive or negative should predict changes in consumption, investment and savings behavior with important micro and macro-economic implications. Using an experiment that randomly assigned incentives to learn HIV results, I find that while learning HIV results had short term effects on subjective belief of HIV infection, these differences did not persist after two years. Consistent with this, there were relatively few differences two years later in savings, income, expenditures, and employment between those who learned and did not learn their status. 相似文献
943.
944.
Luisa Maria Tumbajoy Cardona Rosley Anholon Dirceu da Silva Robert Eduardo Cooper Ordóñez Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas 《Latin American Business Review》2013,14(3-4):297-321
This article aims to evaluate the production line automation projects developed by Brazilian and Colombian companies from the Project Management perspective, through the analysis of the application degree of PMBOK processes, to understand how formal techniques are being employed in these countries and also to identify improvement opportunities, when necessary. Data were collected through a survey. The similarity index between the ten processes, with the highest application degree in the Brazilian and Colombian samples, was 70%. For the processes with the lowest application degree, the similarity index was 60%. No similar study was found in the literature. 相似文献
945.
Mark L. Bryan 《Scottish journal of political economy》2012,59(4):361-389
We use matched employer–employee data to explore the relationship between employees’ access to flexible working arrangements and the amount of informal care they provide to sick or elderly friends and relatives. Flexitime and the ability to reduce working hours are each associated with about 13% more hours of informal care. Workplaces do not respond to the presence of carers by providing flexible work, instead there is some underlying selection of carers into flexible workplaces. The wider workplace environment beyond formal flexible work may also facilitate care. 相似文献
946.
947.
In this article, we test to determine whether a reallocation of government budgetary components can enhance long-term GDP
growth in a set of 15 EU countries. We apply panel data techniques to the period 1971–2006, and use three alternative dependent
variables in a growth regression: economic growth, total factor productivity and labour productivity. Our results also identify
the distortions induced by public expenditure in the private factors allocation. In particular, we detect a strong crowding-in
effect associated to public investment, which has enhanced economic growth by boosting private investment. We also associate
a dependence of productivity on public expenditure on social security. 相似文献
948.
Frances A. Kennedy Laurie L. Burney Jennifer L. Troyer J. Caleb Stroup 《Journal of Accounting and Public Policy》2010
Policymakers often question whether not-for-profit (NFP) hospitals provide enough charity care to justify tax advantages. In 1993, Texas enacted legislation requiring NFP hospitals to provide certain community benefits at levels set forth in specific criteria to retain tax-exempt status; this paper focuses on the effect of the legislation’s requirement that NFP hospitals spend a minimum of 4% of net patient revenue on charity care. We also study a modification of the law passed in 1995, which allows the deduction of bad debts expense when calculating net patient revenue. This change effectively lowers required charity care spending, and our study considers whether Texas hospitals responded by reducing charity care spending. 相似文献
949.
Helena Knorr Dolores Garz��n Daniel Mart��nez 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2011,7(3):391-412
According to the last report “Women FTSE 2009” developed by Cranfield School of Management and the IE Business School and
sponsored by Pricewaterhouse-Coopers, Sainsbury, Enlivens, HSBC and Pearson, the number of European companies with women in
positions of executive direction has been reduced from 16 to 15 and the number of women in the board meetings from 39 to 37
has fallen. Moreover, there has been a decrease in the number of total of businesses with women in their counsels, since 1
of each 4 businesses has an exclusively male counsel. The study, reveals a pessimistic panorama for women from the analysis
of the number of guidelines that work in the companies that belong to FTSE 100, the British index that includes the 100 main
values of the London stock market. The study also reflects a descent in the number of women that occupy key positions in the
businesses of the FTSE 100. In the year 2008 there were only 5 women CEOs and 3 regional executive directors. In the 2009
only there were 4 CEOs. The purpose of this article is to see if the origin of this situation is a direct consequence of businesswomen
confronting more difficulties than the businessmen upon putting in common its professional and personal life or if by contrast
this corresponds to an stereotyped perception of gender inequality. With this end we conducted a study using a sample of businesswomen
and men with experience analyzing its motivations to create business, difficulties that they find, and the solutions to improve
the conciliation of its professional and personal lives. The results show that there are no significant gender differences
in the motivations, regardless of who the head of the family is (bearing main responsibility for the house and children).
On the other hand, we show that businesswomen diverge from businessmen in the perception of motivations and challenges they
have. Indeed, businessmen agree with businesswomen in the motivations and difficulties that these have, and consider that
they give to them more importance than women themselves. 相似文献
950.
近年来,银行与企业之间的关系型融资在世界范围内得到广泛运用。在美、日、德等发达国家,关系型融资已成为企业外部融资的一条有效途径,并对企业的经营管理产生着重要的影响。本文总结分析了德国关系型融资模式的特点,希望能够对我国企业的外部融资有一定的指导意义。 相似文献