Reviewing the Policy on Conditionality

Today there is a relatively broad consensus that the traditional approach to conditionality policy, as pursued especially by the World Bank and the IMF, is problematic. In recent years both institutions have reviewed their policies on conditionality. Although this has laid the basis for a new policy, there are a series of issues which need further refinement and thinking. This article outlines some key points for the ongoing debate.     

Which Socio-economic Model for Europe?

Disappointing growth rates and high unemployment in Europe have given rise to a debate on whether the European socio-economic model—or which of its variations—has a future in the face of increasing international competition. The following two articles discuss the current challenges facing Europe in this field and the options for meeting these challenges.      

东北粮食外运物流战略思考

针对东北粮食外运困难的严峻形势,进行了一些物流方面的战略思考。     

The economic situation in the Republic of Belarus

Summary For some years now the Republic of Belarus has pursued an economic policy strategy that appears to exert a certain attraction on Russian policy. The Belarusan concept is based, at heart, on the attempt to raise output quickly with the help of direct grants to enterprises, financed by the central bank. This is associated with extremely rapid growth of the money supply. Central to the negative economic trend in Belarus is the substantial overvaluation of the official exchange rate. In an attempt to counter the numerous negative repercussions of this policy, the regime is being forced to adopt ever more wide-ranging administrative interventions in economic processes. The economic outcome is such, however, that recently even President Lukashenko posed the rhetorical question ‘why is our people getting poorer from month to month..., when our industry and agriculture are developing so dynamically?’³⁰ The political leadership sees the answer in the financial crisis in Russia and a poor harvest in Belarus due to unfavourable weather conditions. Its own economic policy concept is still considered to be correct, indeed is even held up as a model for Russia. However, in the course of 1998 there was an unmistakable decline in the official rates of the GDP growth and of its aggregates. Inflation soared to more than 180%. The negative economic trend is expected to deteriorate further in 1999; GDP is forecast to contract by the order of 5%, and inflation will remain in triple figures.     

对基于自由民主角度的分裂权利理论的简评

关于分裂权利的研究,一直是国际学界在分裂主义研究中重点关注的一个问题。许多西方学者基于自由民主的角度,对分裂权利的正义性进行辩护。这些为分裂权利进行辩护的理论大体可以分为自决权理论、基本权利理论和唯一补救权利理论三类。这些关于分裂权利正义性的论述对相关国家的反分裂工作造成了消极的影响,但中国学界未能发出自己的声音。虽然这些理论打着自由民主的旗号,但在理论上却是反自由、反民主的,而且在实践上也是矛盾和缺乏解释力的。同时,这些理论未能把握分裂主义的本质性要素,即领土的因素,无视这种单方的领土分裂诉求对所在国领土和主权完整乃至于国际秩序的冲击;它们也忽视了分裂主义常常表现出来的暴力性和恐怖性以及这种极端政治诉求对人权、和平与自由的践踏;在分裂主义的领土性和暴力性的挑战下,分裂并非解决民族冲突、保护少数权利的可行路径。     

中国与国际秩序的再思考:一种政治社会学的视角

借鉴政治社会学有关抗争艺术的理论模式,作者尝试对中国在西方主导的国际秩序中的战略行为和思维做了新的理论概括。中国在单极体系下的抗争艺术可以分为两个层面:作为战略行为在现有秩序中的依法抗争以及作为战略思维对现有秩序进行反思的日常抗争。重新思考中国与国际秩序的关系,应该超越维持现状和修正主义二分法。中国学习和接受既有国际规范只是社会化的一个方面,中国如何影响国际规范的演变则是社会化过程中尚待理论化的另一方面。中国正积极探索未来国际秩序的若干模式,其中,协商秩序作为一种国际秩序的理想模式具有重要的理论和实践意义。