水资源开发利用生态后果及流域生态资产经济评价方法综述

本文论述了流域水资源的生态资产价值、流域水资源开发生态后果及其生态资产的经济评价方法。流域水资源生态资产评价应根据不同流域、同一流域不同河段水资源主要功能,当地社会经济发展水平和环境保护状况等,选择或使用不同的方法加以研究。     

桂林海外客源市场的空间结构演变

在对近年国内旅游地理关于客源市场的文献进行综述的基础上,分析了桂林市近20年来海外客源市场的变化发展及其原因,最后得出了结论:地位没有发生太大变化的传统旅游目的地其海外客源市场一般是较为稳定的,但随着我国海外旅游发展的日趋成熟以及在当今短途、洲内跨国旅游占主要地位的国际旅游大环境下,海外旅游目的地客源表现出的总的趋势是近距离客源份额的上升。     

我国生态农业模式研究现状及展望

本文对生态农业模式的概念及内涵进行总结,指出我国生态农业模式研究的意义及必要性;对我国生态农业模式的研究现状进行综述,探讨模式研究中存在的问题及发展方向.最后对我国生态农业模式研究提出几点建议.     

新农村建设:来自浙江农民们的看法

本文围绕新农村建设的内容,调查了浙江省740名农民对新农村建设的认识、看法与期望等,在此基础上提出了目前新农村建设的重点内容和相应的政策建议。     

Spatial economics of biological control: investing in new releases of insects for earlier limitation of Paterson's curse in Australia

Paterson's curse and related weeds (Echium spp.) were introduced as garden flowers before 1850 and have spread to over 30 million ha in southern Australia. Four hundred successful releases of crown weevil (M. lawatus) populations specifically targeting Echium spp. were made in the 1993–2000 period. Based on the timing, location and performance of these past releases of beneficial insects, spatially and temporally specific trajectories of biocontrol have been simulated. Insect populations established by the past releases are expected to cover expanding areas at densities sufficient to limit host Echium infestations only over the next 25‐50 years. The present analysis tackles the questions of where and how many additional releases are economically justified to speed up this process. We identify 31 districts in which diminishing niches for further insect releases are projected over time, according to the locations of damaging weed infestations and the timing, location and numbers of past insect releases. Benefits of biocontrol are expressed in terms of the value of recovered pasture productivity, keyed to estimates of loss and to historical district livestock inventories converted to dry sheep equivalent (DSE) feed availability levels to which prices are applied. Expected marginal contributions of increments of new releases were simulated for each of the 31 districts, subject to the spacehime limitations of each niche. Our explicit accounting for the spatial and temporal dimensions has made possible the economically optimd targeting of new biocontrol releases. For example, at $12/DSE and a marginal cost of $2000 per release, with a discount rate of l0%, we find there is a case for a program of over 400 new releases targeted to 17 districts, with as few as five releases to each of several and as many as 70 releases in one district.     

经济成本与公共组织设计:公共部门改革的效率逻辑

公共组织的设计和改革像私人组织一样,也要面临成本效率的约束.本文首先指出公共组织的成本效率来源于X-效率和非X-效率,并且两种效率之间存在着替代关系.然后,本文为公共组织成本效率的度量提拱了一个分析框架,并以中国地方政府为样本做了实证分析.最后,在理论分析和实证分析的基础上,本文为公共组织的设计和改革提出了一些原则,以期实现最优公共组织规模,减少社会福利损失.     

政府保护的动机与效果--一个实证分析

我们根据第二次全国基本单位普查数据,用实证结果揭示了,在中国,政府,主要是地方政府对国有资产的控制和对产业实施控制与保护,其背后存在着巨大的物质利益:哪里生产要素(主要是劳动)的边际生产率高,则政府就有动力对该产业实施控制.这是地方保护主义之所以长期存在的经济基础.地方政府对产业实行控制,对资本市场、劳动力市场与商品市场实行控制与保护,其对要素市场的负面作用是显著的.从效率的角度看,加强政府对产业的控制与保护,会降低在位国家垄断企业的劳动生产率与单位资本的平均产值;然而,政府在产品市场上的控制与干预,又会对在位企业施加正向的福利效应.     

浅议潍坊民营经济的可持续发展

潍坊是山东省的农业大市,也是农副产品的主产区之一,在许多技术产品系列方面都取得了好成绩,这与民营经济的发展是分不开的。但潍坊民营经济在投融资、法律地位及政府管理与服务等方面存在诸多问题,对其进一步发展产生了不利影响。文章提出,要实现潍坊民营经济的可持续发展,必须端正认识,坚持科学发展观,进一步转变政府职能,加快金融改革,提高企业家素质,依法保护私有财产,增强社会保障意识。