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51.
Gavin Kennedy 《Economic Affairs》1989,10(1):6-8
How can defence fit into the market economy? Gavin Kennedy, of Heriot Watt University, outlines the tension between markets and bureaucracy in national defence. 相似文献
52.
Consumer innovativeness and new product purchasing literatures are replete with solid yet unrelated theories that have not been considered simultaneously as part of a larger psychological framework. This oversight limits the ability of practitioners to effectively target the valuable consumer innovators market segment. In this study, an approach/avoidance framework of new product purchase intentions is discussed and empirically tested via structural equation modeling. Consumer innovativeness, self‐congruence, and satisfaction play the role of approach mechanisms, while perceived risk acts as an avoidance mechanism. The authors combine a set of related yet disconnected theories, while suggesting a means of appealing to consumer innovators through a specific form of self‐congruence. A sample of 741 students is employed to examine these issues. Several notable findings are highlighted, including verification of indirect relationships between the independent variables and behavioral intent. Model fit is excellent and results are consistent across the handheld devices, home entertainment, and music industries. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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The Spring 2005 issue of this journal featured a “debate” over the best way of applying real options. In “Real Options Analysis: Where Are the Emperor's Clothes?,” Adam B orison criticized most practices that go under the name real options and recommended an “integrated” approach that combines real options techniques with a traditional approach known as “decision tree analysis.” This approach breaks valuation problems into two components—“market” risks (say, oil price changes) and “private” risks (the possibility that actual reserves fall well short of estimated) — and then uses option pricing models to evaluate the market risks and decision trees for the private risks. In response to Borison's article, Tom Copeland and Vladimir Antikarov argued that these two components can be evaluated in a single analysis that uses both DCF (to calculate the value of the “underlying asset”) and Monte Carlo simulation (to estimate the volatility of the underlying), thereby expanding the range of real options applications. In this article, the authors attempt to shed light on this debate with the findings of their extensive empirical analysis of U.K. oilfield expansion options. The bottom line of their study is that size matters in the context of oilfields, presumably because it offers a reliable guide to the kind and size of risks associated with the project. In the case of the larger oilfields, where market risks are likely to outweigh the private risks, the author's findings suggest that both approaches are reasonably effective and provide roughly the same degree of accuracy. In the case of smaller fields, however, where private risks are proportionally larger, the authors conclude that Borison's approach is likely to be more reliable. 相似文献
57.
Gavin Cameron 《Journal of Economic Growth》2005,10(4):387-408
The growth process for a technological leader is different from that of a follower. While followers can grow through imitation
and capital deepening, a leader must undertake original research. This suggests that as the gap between the leader and the
follower narrows, the follower must undertake more genuinely innovative R&D and possibly face a slower overall growth rate.
The results of a dynamic panel equilibrium-correction model of productivity growth suggest that the productivity gap with
the USA had a strong effect on the growth of Japanese manufacturing, and that changes in R&D intensity also made a significant
contribution. Moreover, the effect of the productivity gap was significantly higher in industries that had higher R&D intensities,
higher levels of human capital, and were more open to exports.
This paper is based upon Chapter 5 of my D.Phil. thesis at the University of Oxford. It was partly written while I was a Visiting
Scholar at the Foundation for Advanced Information & Research, Tokyo, and was supported by a Sanwa Bank Foundation Research
Fellowship and ESRC grants R000234954 and R000237500. 相似文献
58.
Gavin Shatkin 《International journal of urban and regional research》2004,28(1):11-26
A growing literature has examined the changing nature of urban political leadership in an era of economic globalization and increased pressures for fiscal austerity on governments. Based mostly on the experiences of the United States and Europe, this literature has emphasized the imperative of urban leaders to become increasingly entrepreneurial — to foster collaboration with private sector actors, to mobilize new sources of financing for urban development, and to develop innovative strategies for economic growth. This article examines this question in the very different context of the Extended Bangkok Metropolitan Region (EBMR) in Thailand. It argues that, in the context of rapidly urbanizing regions in Southeast Asia, these changes have in many contexts led to the emergence of businessmen‐cum‐politicians who exert both economic and political dominance in localities. Such figures have emerged as intermediaries in the process of industrialization and urbanization between national governments and people in localities, and play an important role in mobilizing land, labor and capital at the local level, and in fostering a political base for national economic development policy. The article illustrates this phenomenon with a case study from Chonburi, a rapidly industrializing province on the fringe of the EBMR. L'évolution de l'autorité politique urbaine, dans un cadre de mondialisation économique et de gouvernements en butte à des pressions d'austérité fiscale accrues, fait de plus en plus souvent l'objet d'études. Essentiellement basées sur les expériences américaines et européennes, celles‐ci soulignent l'impératif, pour les leaders urbains, de devenir des chefs d'entreprise encourageant la collaboration avec les acteurs du secteur privé, mobilisant de nouvelles sources de financement de l'expansion urbaine et élaborant des stratégies novatrices de croissance économique. L'article examine cette question dans le contexte très différent de la Métropole étendue de Bangkok en Thaïlande. Dans un environnement sud‐asiatique en urbanisation rapide, ce changement a fréquemment fait émerger des hommes politiques‐hommes d'affaires qui exercent une domination tant économique que politique dans les régions. Apparus en tant qu’intermédiaires dans le processus d'industrialisation et d'urbanisation (entre les gouvernement nationaux et les populations régionales), ces personnages jouent un rôle important dans la mobilisation du terrain, de la main‐d'?uvre et du capital en plan local, tout en favorisant un appui politique pour les stratégies de développement économique nationales. L'article illustre ce phénomène avec le cas de Chonburi, province en cours d'industrialisation rapide située aux confins de la Métropole étendue de Bangkok. 相似文献
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Capital structure and financing of SMEs: Australian evidence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper investigates the determinants of capital structure and use of financing for small and medium sized enterprises. Hypotheses utilising static trade-off and pecking order arguments are empirically examined using a series of firm characteristics including: size, asset structure, profitability, growth and risk. The hypotheses developed are tested using a large Australian nationwide panel survey. The results suggest that asset structure, profitability and growth are important determinants of capital structure and financing. For asset structure the direction of the influence is reliant upon the capital structure or financing measure employed. The results generally support static trade-off and pecking order arguments proposed by theoretical models. 相似文献