Making Banks in Europe More Responsible

The financial crisis is still hitting families and businesses across Europe hard.We can't let such a crisis happen again and we can't allow the actions of a few in the financial world to jeopardise the rest of society. The IMF estimates European banks made losses close     

Tensions in local government employment relationships

Abstract

A wide variety of initiatives characterized under the umbrella term of new public management have been introduced over the past two decades to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the public sector. The implications of these initiatives for public sector employment relationships have been the subject of on-going debate. This article contributes to this debate through examining how employees within local authorities are managed in a time of personal crisis with a particular focus on long-term sickness absence in the context of increased management drives for efficiency under the NPM agenda. The findings reveal that for managers in two local authorities that form the focus of this study there is a tension in struggling to achieve a workable balance between the needs of employees and wider operational requirements, resulting in role ambiguity for line managers and detrimental effects for vulnerable public service workers.     

对制定外贸出口产业政策的方针、原则和重点的探讨

<正> 所谓产业政策,是指政府对产业的均衡及其发展所采取的政策。产业政策是以产业结构的高层次化和合理化为基本目标,这说明产业结构政策在产业政策体系中处于核心地位。出口产业政策涉及生产出口商品的这部分产业。一国的外贸政策取决于该国的出口产业政策,也就是说,外贸政策的制定,必须与出口产业政策互相保持协调和一致;而出口产业结构和贸易结构的确定又必须首先考虑国际市场需求结构的变化。从二次大战后日本、南朝鲜等国家和地区对出口商品结构及其     

如何看待“人民币外升内贬”

2007年，国内物价上涨较快而人民币对美元保持升值态势，这种人民币对外购买力上升和对内购买力下降的现象引起社会各方面的普遍关注。该文首先从理论和实践方面分析了货币对外升值对内贬值的现象；其次指出人民币对内贬值的重要原因是流动性过剩；并认为人民币对美元升值的主要原因是美元走软。     

INCOME DISTRIBUTION, SOVEREIGN DEBT, AND PUBLIC INVESTMENT

We develop a political economy model of sovereign debt that shows that income inequality leads to popular pressures on the government to use foreign debt to finance a redistribution of income at the expense of productive public investment. Recognizing this fact, international lenders impose credit ceilings with the consequence that developing country borrowers invest less and grow slower.     

试析美国综合贸易法案的授权条款和保障条款

<正> 美国参众两院分别于1988年7月13日和8月3日以压倒多数通过了修改后的“1988年贸易和竞争综合法案”,并经里根总统于8月23日正式签署生效。这项经过国会三年多的反复醖酿,长达1100多页,内容庞杂、涉及面广,带有浓厚保护主义色彩的提案终成立法。它标志着美国自第二次世界大战以来在外贸政策方面最广泛的变化,是美国战后首次抛弃“自由贸易”原则,而以所谓“公平贸易”取而代之     

外汇市场进一步发展外部评估体系初步建立

该文首先回顾了2007年银行间外汇市场的改革和建设情况，认为银行间外汇市场已经初步具备价格发现、风险管理和资源配置的功能，市场化程度进一步提高；并指出外部市场评价具有信息传递和市场激励的功能，认为开展银行间外汇市场的评优活动对于促进外汇市场发展有积极的作用。     

谈谈当前外贸公司试行的自负盈亏制

<正> 我国的外贸体制改革,在全面推行承包经营责任制的同时,自一九八八年一月起在轻工、服装、工艺品等三个行业的外贸公司中进一步试行自负盈亏制。其主要内容是:一方面,国家进一步扩大这些公司的经营决策、劳动工资、经营方式等方面的自主权,另一方面,这些公司除必须按规定完成上缴外汇额度任务外,在财务上实行独立核算,自