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11.
Charles Weathers 《Industrial Relations Journal》2003,34(2):119-134
Japan's wage setting system has undergone considerable decentralisation since 1995. An overview of recent changes, framed by comparative analysis, suggests that rapid change has occurred because of the informal institutionalisation of industrial relations practices, which reflects in turn the strong enterprise consciousness of workers and unions. 相似文献
12.
Charles Post 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2002,2(1):88-95
The exchange between Brenner and Wood on the Low Countries in the early modern period raises a number of theoretical and historical issues relating to the conditions for the emergence of capitalist social-property relations and their unique historical laws of motion. This contribution focuses on three issues raised in the Brenner-Wood exchange: the conditions under which rural house-hold producers become subject to 'market coercion', the potential for ecological crisis to restructure agricultural production, and the relative role of foreign trade and the transformation of domestic, rural class relations to capitalist industrialization. 相似文献
13.
Robert J. Hershock Charles D. Cowman Douglas Peters 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》1994,11(2):95-104
A growing awareness of workplace hazards and identification of airborne contaminants, coupled with a changing safety and health regulatory environment, created an unexpected demand for new and innovative respirators in the early 1980s. 3M's Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division broke new ground by taking the team concept further than ever before in the company. The division's Action Teams successfully designed, built and introduced products in less than half the time it would have taken previously. Robert Hershock, Charles Cowman and Douglas Peters describe how 3M learned important lessons about team selection, training, performance and motivation, the importance of project sponsors, and the role of middle management. 相似文献
14.
15.
Abstract. We use tax‐based longitudinal microdata for 1982–99 to (i) examine how earnings distributions have shifted, (ii) identify changes in earnings mobility patterns, and (iii) replicate and update Beaudry and Green's cohort analysis of age‐earnings profiles. We find: (i) increased polarization of men's earnings and marked decline in real earnings of workers aged 20–4; (ii) general decline in men's earnings mobility, while women's mobility has increased for young and prime‐age workers; and (iii) upward drift in earnings profiles of 1960s–1970s entry cohorts and downward shifts for 1980s–1990s cohorts (largely confirming Beaudry and Green's findings), but suggestive of steepening profiles for the 1990s cohorts. JEL classification code : J31,O33 相似文献
16.
The emerging concern about software piracy and illegal or unauthorized use of information technology and software has been
evident in the media and open literature for the last few years. In the course of conducting their academic assignments, the
authors began to compare observations from classroom experiences related to ethics in the use of software and information
technology and systems. Qualitatively and anecdotally, it appeared that many if not most, students had misconceptions about
what represented ethical and unethical behaviors in these realms. Clearly, one can argue that if college students are uncertain
about what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate behavior then this uncertainty will be carried forward into their workplaces
upon graduation. Furthermore, if their workplaces don't provide ethics training as a component of a new employee orientation
program, one can project a potential for unintentional violations and infringements of copyrights and law in the field. This
study was conducted among graduate and undergraduate students to gain insight into their attitudes, perceptions and understanding
of some of the relevant ethics issues. A questionnaire of 11 statements was employed that described ubiquitous but most likely
unethical (or surely dubious) behaviors in the prevailing business and academic environments. Each respondent was asked to
evaluate each statement twice (once for “self” and once for “colleague”) on a five-option highly ethical (5) to neutral (3)
to highly unethical (1) scale. The statements were worded such that lower instrument score was associated with higher ethical
responses. The questionnaire's two-part structure was designed to solicit honest answers. The encouraging learning from this
study was that the overall sample and its various sub-samples did not consider any of the eleven behaviors to be “ethical”
or “highly ethical.” It was also encouraging to note that the overall sample and all sub-samples considered “highly unethical”
those behaviors associated with personal privacy or property or outright theft. This indicated that moral judgment and probity
prevail. The discouraging learning was that behaviors associated with the use of enterprise property were viewed as “neutral”
i.e., neither “ethical” nor “unethical.” These findings suggested confusion and lack of clarity and definition around workplace
deportment as it regards ethics in software and information technology use. The current study suggests that additional research
needs to be conducted to define and clarify the issues, which in turn can form the basis for programs to rectify or at least
ameliorate the situation. 相似文献
17.
Richard Nehring Charles Barnard David Banker Vince Breneman 《American journal of agricultural economics》2006,88(4):930-946
This article determines the relative technical efficiency of rural- and urban-influenced crop/livestock enterprises in the Corn Belt. Farmers in urban-influenced locations are less technically efficient than farmers in rural locations. During 1998–2000, stochastic production frontier procedures indicate that a 10% increase in urban influence leads to a close to 4% decrease in technical efficiency. The most successful urban-influenced farms have controlled costs as effectively as rural farms. They have tended to de-emphasize that nondairy livestock activities—particularly beef and hogs—do not rely extensively on off-farm income, and have relatively large, less residential/lifestyle operations compared to less successful urban-influenced farmers. However, our statistical analysis clearly bears out the refrain in popular literature that urban proximity raises the cost for, and decreases the viability of, traditional farms. 相似文献
18.
The theory articulated in this paper suggests that the desire to reduce demand and competitive uncertainty are two separate, important motives for alliance formation. Taking this as a starting point, we predict the configuration of horizontal alliances that we might expect to observe within an industry when firms experience these uncertainties to different degrees. An empirical test of this theory using data from the global auto industry yields results consistent with the view (1) that alliances are a device for reducing both the uncertainties that arise from unpredictable demand conditions and those that arise from competitive interdependence, and (2) that variation of demand uncertainty and competitive uncertainty across firms explains differentials in both the intensity and structure of their horizontal alliance activity. 相似文献
19.
Charles J. Corrado 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》1993,3(2):127-148
This paper examines an event study test procedure based on cumulative average residuals (CARs) and a boundary-crossing probability
for Brownian motion. The boundary-crossing test procedure is designed to detect abnormal security-price performance under
conditions of event-period uncertainty. Simulations with daily security-return data show that the boundary-crossing test is
well specified under the null hypothesis and has good power properties under the alternative hypothesis of abnormal security-price
performance distributed over an event period of uncertain length. 相似文献
20.
The paper hypothesizes that diversification by firms based in the pharmaceutical industry during the 1977-86 time period was primarily undertaken to reduce the risks associated with being dependent upon a technologically dynamic environment. Consistent with this non-efficiency motive for diversification, declining economic performance is predicted. A longitudinal empirical analysis provides support for these propositions. 相似文献