Energy and CO2 emission relationships in the NAFTA trading bloc: a multi-regional multi-factor energy input–output approach

The North-America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought together the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the US into forming one of the largest trading blocs worldwide (within the top CO₂ emitters). However, the current global protectionist discourse threatens the agreement. This paper analyzes the energy and energy-related CO₂ emission relationships between NAFTA countries in 2014 to gain insights into the climate change implications of current integration and the possible cancelation of the agreement. The analysis is performed with a multi-regional version of the multi-factor energy input–output model. The results show that NAFTA has not built a single integrated energy system, though it has helped reduce energy-related CO₂ emissions. Moreover, if NAFTA is not revoked, further integration would depend on the capacity of the Mexican energy sector to converge to the performance of its trade partners’ energy sectors. Conversely, a broken deal would induce negative environmental externalities.     

Value-in-context in crowdfunding ecosystems: how context frames value co-creation

The aim of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of crowdfunding and determine whether it can be considered a service ecosystem, where the context frames innovation through value co-creation. A qualitative, multiple case study approach is used to analyse three platforms and six initiatives in the Spanish arts sector. The findings reveal that crowdfunding can be considered an ecosystem where value-in-context frames seven types of value co-creation, offering a contribution both to ecosystem theory and to the field of co-creation.     

设计之上龙凤翱翔

说到龙凤，人们很容易想到古时宫廷中的物件，大到建筑，小到器皿、服装、首饰……龙凤图形随处可见。当龙凤从宫廷走向民间，人们对这个象征权贵吉祥的图形，更是钟爱有加。即使时间的河流已至21世纪的现代，尽管人们的审美观已发生巨大改变，但龙凤这个古老而独特的东方文化符号，依然为大多数人所追崇、喜爱，足见中国人对龙凤图形的情有独钟。     

全覆盖

终有会一天，人类居住的地球在任何需要的地方．都会有互联网接入信号的。在连续几个计划与投资破产、失败之后——包括比尔·盖茨——近两年，全球最知名的创新公司谷歌（Google）和“脸谱”（Facebook）在互联网普及方面均有令人瞩目的新动作。     

Lost in intervention. The Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson effect on the peseta/dollar real exchange rate (1870–1998)

We have decomposed the peseta/dollar real exchange rate (1870–1998) into its trend and cyclical components and used the former to proxy its time-varying equilibrium. Then, we have compared changes in the equilibrium with changes in the Spanish and the USA productivity differentials to identify years that do not fit with the Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson (HBS) hypothesis. The greatest maladjustment is found in the 1940s and 1950s, decades of strong exchange rate intervention in Spain. Conversely, the link between equilibrium and differentials adjusts to the hypothesis when using the non-intervened peseta/dollar exchange rate on the Tangier black market. These contrasting results back up the idea that exchange rate intervention, so common in developing countries, might explain their scanter evidence in favour of the HBS effect.     

改革分配体制化解生产过剩危机

目前在中国内部的确隐藏着许多经济与社会矛盾，但是细数这些矛盾，没有一个会在中短期内从内部引发危机，而生产过剩危机却是现代市场经济中的常态。中国还没有经历过生产过剩危机，但生产过剩状态却已经存在了好几年，并正在向愈加严重的方向发展。这种态势会否把中国引入一场危机，现在还不得而知，但200多年来资本主义国家的历史经验与马克思主义的经典理论告诉我们，生产过剩与经济危机之间存在着必然的联系。     

陈志超的旅行 得失寸心知

<正>陈志超,超哥。朋友介绍时,只说他走过很多地方,他的旅行与很多人不一样,可以聊聊,至于更多的细节就需要我们在沟通中寻找了。采访地点约在宽窄巷子里的一个书局内。我到的时候陈志超已经在书局后院里候着了。我们坐在院里的藤蔓架下,简单的寒暄后,就聊开了。陈志超给了我一张"大名片",装帧精美,是本诗歌、书法、国画、园林合集。前半部分是书法,中