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231.
In developing countries most of the financial assets are depositsat commercial banks. This article focuses on the implicit taxationof financial assets through seigniorage, reserve requirements,lending targets, and interest ceilings combined with inflation.The impact of taxation on financial deepening increases significantlywith the tax rate, as shown by cross-sectional and time seriesdata for selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and SoutheastAsia. The problem of measuring revenue is examined, and theefficiency cost of taxation is analyzed in a Harberger framework.Although taxes on financial assets have a low administrativecost, the excess burden caused by the misallocation of resourcesis probably a much higher fraction of revenues than that ofother taxes. 相似文献
232.
Fengler Matthias R. Härdle Wolfgang K. Villa Christophe 《Review of Derivatives Research》2003,6(3):179-202
It is common practice to identify the number and sources of shocks that move, e.g., ATM implied volatilities by principal
components analysis. This approach, however, is likely to result in a loss of information, since the surface structure of implied volatilities is neglected. In this paper we analyze the implied volatility surface along maturity slices with
a common principal components analysis (CPC), known from morphometrics. In CPC analysis, the space spanned by the eigenvectors is
identical across groups, whereas variances associated with the common principal components vary. Our analysis shows that implied
volatility surface dynamics can be traced back to a common eigenstructure in maturity slices. This empirical result is used
to set up a factor model for implied volatility surface dynamics.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
233.
Christophe Kamps 《Empirica》2006,33(2-3):113-125
Based on a panel data model, Giavazzi, Jappelli and Pagano (2000, European Economic Review 44, 1259–1289) recently found evidence that national saving in OECD countries responds nonlinearly to fiscal policy, the nonlinearity being associated with the size and persistence of the fiscal impulse. The existence of this nonlinearity would have important policy implications because it implies that the short-run costs of a fiscal consolidation program are lower the larger and more persistent it is. However, this paper shows that their finding is not robust, one reason being the inadequacy of the slope homogeneity assumption implicit in their panel model and another reason being their reliance on an implausibly large number of episodes of large and persistent fiscal impulses. 相似文献
234.
This paper considers forecasting regressions of “realized volatility” on a misalignment measure. Results show that this misalignment measure is useful to predict in and out-of-sample stock-market volatility at monthly horizons. The analysis also suggests a threshold effect. 相似文献
235.
Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper proposes a very simple test of Granger (1969) non-causality for heterogeneous panel data models. Our test statistic is based on the individual Wald statistics of Granger non causality averaged across the cross-section units. First, this statistic is shown to converge sequentially to a standard normal distribution. Second, the semi-asymptotic distribution of the average statistic is characterized for a fixed T sample. A standardized statistic based on an approximation of the moments of Wald statistics is hence proposed. Third, Monte Carlo experiments show that our standardized panel statistics have very good small sample properties, even in the presence of cross-sectional dependence. 相似文献
236.
Antoine Bouët Jean‐Christophe Bureau Yvan Decreux Sbastien Jean 《The World Economy》2005,28(9):1329-1354
An applied general equilibrium model is used to assess the impact of multilateral trade liberalisation in agriculture, with particular emphasis on developing countries. We use original data, and the model includes some specific features such as a dual labour market. Applied tariffs, including those under preferential regimes and regional agreements, are taken into account at the detailed product level, together with the corresponding bound tariffs on which countries negotiate. The various types of farm support are detailed, and several groups of developing countries are distinguished. Simulations give a contrasted picture of the benefits developing countries would draw from the Doha development round. The results suggest that previous studies have neglected preferential agreements and the binding overhang (in tariffs as well as domestic support), and have treated developing countries with a high level of aggregation and been excessively optimistic about the actual benefits of multilateral trade liberalisation. Regions like sub‐Saharan Africa are more likely to suffer from the erosion of existing preferences. The main gainers of the Doha Round are likely to be developed countries and Cairns Group members. 相似文献
237.
How common are common return factors across the NYSE and Nasdaq? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We entertain the possibility of pervasive factors that are not common across two (or more) groups of securities. We propose and implement a general procedure to estimate the space spanned by common and group-specific pervasive factors. In our empirical analysis, we study the factor structure of excess returns on stocks traded on the NYSE and Nasdaq using our methodology. We find that there are only two common pervasive factors that govern the returns for both NYSE and Nasdaq. At the same time, the NYSE and Nasdaq each have one more group-specific factor that is not the same across the two exchanges. Our results point to the absence of complete similarity between the factors driving the returns on these exchanges. 相似文献
238.
Luis A. Gil-Alana Christophe André Tsangyao Chang Omid Ranjbar 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2016,25(7):978-991
The Feldstein–Horioka (FH) puzzle, that is the strong correlation between saving and investment in a world where obstacles to capital mobility are limited, has been studied extensively since it was exposed in 1980. Even though the theoretical and empirical literature has examined many of its potential causes, the puzzle persists. This paper aims at shedding further light on the issue by investigating the relationship between saving and investment in South Africa since 1946 using fractional integration and cointegration techniques to account for high persistence in the series. We find evidence of fractional cointegration between saving and investment, indicating some degree of persistence in the gap between the two variables. We also find a structural break in saving and investment ratios to GDP around 1980, which roughly coincides with the start of a financial deregulation process in South Africa. While fractional cointegration holds before the break, it does not thereafter. In other words, while the FH puzzle is observed before the start of financial deregulation, it subsequently disappears. This suggests that financial deregulation may have loosened the link between saving and investment. 相似文献
239.
Mathias Kuepie Christophe J. Nordman Franois Roubaud 《Journal of Comparative Economics》2009,37(3):491-515
Using a series of comparable labor force surveys in urban West Africa, we estimate the private returns to education among representative samples of workers in seven economic capitals (Abidjan, Bamako, Cotonou, Dakar, Lome, Niamey and Ouagadougou). The data allow us to provide a unique cross-country comparison using rigorously the same variables and methodology for each country. We tackle the issues of endogenous sector allocation (public, formal private and informal sectors) and endogeneity of the education variable in the earnings functions. We find that the returns to schooling are most often enhanced once an endogenous education variable is accounted for. This effect holds particularly true in the informal sector. In most West African cities of our sample, the public sector gives more value to education, followed by the formal private sector and then the informal sector. We also shed light on convex returns to education in all the cities and sectors, including in informal activity. More generally, a major contribution of this paper is to provide evidence of significant effects of education on individual earnings in the informal sectors of the West African cities, even at high levels of schooling. 相似文献
240.
Christophe Feder 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2018,27(3):243-253
The paper presents a new measure of total factor productivity (TFP) that also takes into account the effect of biased technological change. With this methodology, we can distinguish the effects resulting from the introduction of neutral or biased technological change on TFP, called neutral factor productivity and biased factor productivity (BFP), respectively. The new measure of TFP also holds in extreme cases where only the effect of neutral/biased technological change is presented. In particular, the BFP component increases (decreases) when the productivity of the cheaper (more expensive) factor increases. Moreover, the TFP holds up to the modification of both units of measure and to the costs of factors. Finally, the intensity of the BFP is independent of the direction of the technological change. 相似文献