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41.
South Africa's first build‐own‐operate‐transfer (BOOT) project for municipal services was signed in late December 1998 by the city of Durban and a private project company associated with French conglomerate Vivendi. The project will treat waste water for sale to industrial customers who would otherwise use more expensive potable water in their manufacturing processes. The project structure, with its multiple contracts and supporting agreements, guarantees and complex shareholding relationships, represents a sophisticated analytical challenge for lenders, whose financing will ultimately be at risk in the deal. Development finance institutions, such as the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), must review such projects in even greater detail because of their mandate to promote sustainable infrastructure development in the region. This article presents the DBSA ‘s analytical perspective on the Durban BOOT project in an effort to capture the complex, innovative and strongly developmental character of what, for South Africa, is a ground‐breaking public‐private partnership project. 相似文献
42.
Claudia E. Natenzon 《Forum for Social Economics》1998,27(2):15-21
The debt-to-the-future issue is discussed taking into account that it is not simply a poetic or innocent statement but a present
complex problem. An analytical approach through the issue of risk and uncertainty might allow us to delimit our reflection.
At the same time, it might become the main axis in the reality we face today, since risk, reliability, and uncertainty appear
as characteristic features of modern society. Participatory processes, as manifestations of post-normal science, are proposed
as a way to cope with uncertainty. 相似文献
43.
44.
Coustasse A Singh KP Lurie SG Lin YS Coggin CS Trevino F 《Journal of hospital marketing & public relations》2007,18(1):21-37
Significant gaps exist in health care regarding gender in the United States. Health status, social roles, culturally patterned behavior and access to health care can be influenced by gender. Women have been the primary users of health care and minority women usually have received poorer quality care than Non-Hispanic White (NHW) females. The objectives of this study were to identify gender, racial and ethnic disparities in access to substance abuse treatment in a Texas hospital. Secondary data collected on 1,309 subjects who underwent detoxification were studied. Gender, race/ethnicity, drug of abuse, relapse and financial classification were included in the analysis. Results indicate Hispanic females and Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) females were about 5 and 3.5 more likely than NHW females to use Medicaid services respectively (p < .05). NHW and NHB males were more likely to use Medicare than females (p < .05). NHB and Hispanic females were 5.8 and 2.1 times more likely to receive care for abuse of cocaine when compared to NHW females respectively (p < .05). Hispanic females were 2.3 times more likely to relapse than Non-Hispanic females, and uninsured NHB females were 7.1 times at a higher risk to abuse multiple drugs compare to NHW females (p < .05). Socio-economic factors, lower labor force participation rates, and less financial independence can explain females utilizing more often Medicaid regardless of their race/ethnicity. These results can be also explained by aggressive case management utilization, socio cultural barriers and/or discriminatory practices, both intentional and unintentional. 相似文献
45.
In December 2013 agreement on the second pillar of the banking union was reached. The SRM sets up restructuring guidelines for banks, including a bank-paid resolution fund, fully operational in 2025. In the article we discuss how the current design of the banking union falls short of the goal of breaking the link between governments and their banks. We explain how an insolvency code for sovereigns is central to achieving this goal and evaluate alternative mechanisms to synchronise the business cycles of member states: 1) the coordination of national stabilisation policies; 2) the introduction of a cyclical shock insurance; and 3) the enlargement of the euro area budget, of which we consider the first alternative the most promising. 相似文献
46.
Despite the wealth of research examining earnings quality and earnings management, we still have much to learn about the effects of macroeconomic factors on accounting discretion’s decisions; the recent financial crises may be one of such factors. Nevertheless, the extant literature is inconclusive about the direction of the relationship between earnings quality and economic downturn. In this study, we focus on the extent to which organizational survival may be an objective of earnings management. In this manner, we add to research considering earnings target as an objective of earnings manipulation. Furthermore, our results suggest that these objectives likely change as crisis becomes worse. Consequently, we argue that the relationship between financial crises and earnings management is non-monotonic. Earnings management decreases when the intensity of the crisis is low, while it increases when the crisis is acute. 相似文献
47.
Sewin Chan Claudia Sharygin Vicki Been Andrew Haughwout 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2014,48(2):342-379
We use a detailed dataset of seriously delinquent mortgages to examine the dynamic process of mortgage default—from initial delinquency and default to final resolution of the loan and disposition of the property. We estimate a two-stage competing risk hazard model to assess the factors associated with post-default outcomes, including whether a borrower receives a legal notice of foreclosure. In particular, we focus on a borrower’s ability to avoid a foreclosure auction by getting a modification, by refinancing the loan, or by selling the property. We find that the outcomes of the foreclosure process are significantly related to: loan characteristics including the borrower’s credit history, current loan-to-value and the presence of a junior lien; the borrower’s post-default payment behavior, including the borrower’s participation in foreclosure counseling; neighborhood characteristics such as foreclosure rates, recent house price depreciation and median income; and the borrower’s race and ethnicity. 相似文献
48.
49.
Claudia Meo 《Metroeconomica》2015,66(1):71-90
A proof of the existence of private core allocations is provided for an exchange economy ε where consumers and commodities are both infinite in number, supposing however that only finitely many types can be distinguished among traders. It is obtained passing through the Edgeworth equilibrium notion considered for a suitably associated discrete setting. For this setting a preliminary result—which is interesting in itself—is proved: in every discrete economy E with asymmetric information and unequal numbers of traders with the same characteristics there is a private core allocation which treats agents of the same type equally. 相似文献
50.
Fernando Santiago Claudia De Fuentes Gabriela Dutrénit Natalia Gras 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2017,26(3):247-268
Barriers to innovation are heterogeneous, of financial and non-financial nature. The importance of barriers to innovation and their actual influence on innovation depend on firms’ characteristics such as sectoral affiliation, technological behavior and their response to perceived obstacles to innovation. Firms either continue to engage in innovation, or they avoid the activity altogether. This paper explored the nature and perceived importance of the obstacles to innovation that firms confront, in a developing-country context; we build on survey data about firms in Mexico. Our findings suggest that two kinds of policy interventions should help offset a firm’s perception of barriers to innovation. On the one hand, policies should enhance the innovation capacity of firms interested in innovation; on the other hand, policies need to tackle factors that reduce the interest of firms in innovation. Policies that boost demand for locally generated innovations would assist in achieving both these goals. 相似文献