Home Ownership Finance in Austria and Germany

This paper studies the financial barriers to ownership entry in Austria and Germany. In both countries the financial institutions are similar but there are differences as to public assistance, mortgage markets and risk allocation. Various risk shifting mechanisms between borrowers, banking and the state, and their impacts on social costs and social efficiency, are discussed. The findings indicate possible credit-rationing as an outcome of the current securitization methods used in Austrian and German bank intermediation and their interaction with subsidy and tax allowance instruments. The existing entry barriers have raised concerns among the current decision makers and may initiate financial reforms in the near future.     

Holidays of older gay men: Age or sexual orientation as decisive factors?

Studies of holidays by gay men and lesbians reflect the characteristics and tourism profiles of younger persons. Invariably such studies show intensive holiday-taking and a desire for gay space when on holiday. Existing specialist product offer is targeted at this younger market by a small number of specialist tour operators. In this UK-based study, the requirements and current holiday profile of older gay men were examined. Studies of older gay men identified various views about lifestyles including both lonely, closeted individuals and well-adjusted individuals with surrogate families. Studies of ‘mainstream’ senior tourists implied intensive and experiential holiday-taking. On the basis of this literature it was postulated that the tourism profile of older gay men would be ‘positive’. The study was undertaken through interviews conducted with 23 men over the age of 35. It was concluded that holiday requirements were similar to those of other older people but with the further dimension of gay-friendliness. Informants felt there were opportunities for specialist and other tour operators to develop products and for destinations to be positioned appropriately for an older gay man's market.     

Joint estimation of population density functions and the location of the central business district

"In this paper we [propose] a new procedure for estimating population density functions under conditions that the exact location of the CBD [central business district] is unknown or uncertain. As such it can also be utilized as a method for identifying the location of the CBD....[We apply] this method to cross-sectional data from Tel-Aviv-Yafo [Israel] during 1961 through 1990...."     

Input demand and substitution under target-return pricing the case of Austrian manufacturing

Zusammenfassung Das neoklassische Standardmodell der Produktion postuliert den kostenminimierenden, effizienten Einsatz von Inputs bei vorgegebener Nachfrage und bei Konkurrenzpreisen. Zahlreiche empirische Studien übertragen dieses Modell auf reale Märkte und schätzen Elastizitäten der Nachfrage und der Substitution auf dieser Basis. Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht dieses Konkurrenzmodell mit einem alternativen Ansatz, wonach sich die Preisbildung auf unvollkommenen Outputmärkten nach dem Prinzip des target-return pricing vollzieht. Es wird gezeigt, daß die geschätzten Elastizitäten sensitiv auf die Wahl des Modells reagieren. Die Substitutionsmöglichkeiten sind nach den Ergebnissen beschränkt, was auf die limitierte Effizienz einer preisinduzierten Inputnachfrage im Sinne des neoklassischen Ansatzes hinzuweisen scheint. Die Schätzung der Modelle wird anhand österreichischer Industriedaten 1964–1979 im Aggregat wie in sektoraler Klassifikation durchgeführt.

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The research program was supported by the Austrian Fund for Scientific Research. The authors wish to thank Prof. Winckler and anonymous referees for helpful comments.     

Women’s Empowerment and Child Malnutrition: The Case of Mozambique

Using data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Mozambique this paper checks whether women empowerment has an impact on the nutritional status of children. We evaluate the degree of empowerment of women via multidimensional approaches, making a distinction between five domains: decision making, use of violence by husband/partner, attitude of the woman towards this use of violence, available information, material resources. Each domain includes several questions reflecting different aspects of empowerment. For each domain of empowerment, three different methods of aggregation are used: correspondence analysis, the so‐called Alkire and Foster methodology and the “fuzzy sets” approach. The impact of women empowerment on the nutritional status of children is analyzed via the MIMIC approach. No clear‐cut conclusion concerning the possible impact of women’s empowerment on the nutritional status of children could be drawn. But, ceteris paribus, the material wealth of the household, the educational level of the mother and her BMI are positively correlated with the nutritional status of children which is also higher when the child is female. Finally, there are important differences in the nutritional status of children between the various regions of Mozambique and this nutritional status is in most regions lower in rural areas.     

Negative Affect and Counterproductive Workplace Behavior: The Moderating Role of Moral Disengagement and Gender

There has been growing scholarly interest in understanding individual-level antecedents of counterproductive workplace behavior (CWB). While researchers have found a positive relationship between individuals’ negative affect and engagement in CWB, to date, our understanding of the factors which may affect this relationship is limited. In this study, we investigate the moderating roles of moral disengagement and gender in this relationship. Consistent with our hypotheses, we found that individuals with a greater tendency to experience negative emotions were more likely to engage in CWB when they had a higher propensity to morally disengage. Moreover, we found that this interacting relationship varied across men and women. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and offer avenues for future research.     

Temporal Dynamics in Acquisition Behavior: The Effects of Activity Load on Strategic Momentum

Momentum theory suggests that acquisition experience leads to acquisition momentum in the form of a higher likelihood of subsequent acquisitions of the same type. However, this argument has been challenged theoretically and empirically. We reconcile conflicting predictions and findings of prior research and extend momentum theory by incorporating activity load as a novel causal mechanism to both replicate the base finding and explain deviations from it. We find that a high activity load due to increased acquisition activity acts as a counterforce to momentum, decreasing the likelihood of subsequent acquisitions of the same type. Moreover, we also find that the interplay of routines, cognitive frames, and activity load causes companies to alternate between different types of acquisitions – from small to large and from large to small – as management engages in attention modulation to preserve momentum. Taken together, our arguments and findings contribute to an improved understanding of temporal patterns of acquisition behaviour.