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111.
Mercedes Campi 《Agricultural Economics》2017,48(3):327-339
This article explores how the strengthening of intellectual property (IP) protection affects agricultural productivity in a panel of countries for the period 1961–2011. Using an index of IP protection for plant varieties, we study the effect of stronger intellectual property rights (IPRs) on cereal yields and two different types of cereals: Open‐pollinated (wheat) and hybrid (maize). We found that the strengthening of IPRs has a positive effect on productivity of cereals for high‐ and low‐income countries. However, we found no significant effect for middle‐income countries. In addition, we found that becoming a member of the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights negatively affects cereal yields. Finally, we found evidence of the existence of nonlinearities in the effect of IPRs on agricultural yields, which confirms a threshold effect of IPRs that also varies for countries of different income level. The findings support the hypothesis that country specificities are important in determining the effect of IPRs and imply that there is no unique system that fits all. 相似文献
112.
Cesar Medeiros Cupertino Antonio Lopo Martinez Newton C.A. da Costa 《Contaduría y Administración》2017,62(5):1460-1478
This paper describes a study that analyses earnings management strategies involving accounting choices or real activities in Brazil. An analysis is conducted of the relationships between earnings management strategies their determinant costs and of the temporal sequence in which these management strategies are applied. The results of empirical tests indicate that adoption of management strategies is dependent on their relative costs. There is a temporal relationship between the two types of strategies for manipulation of year-end results, with real activities preceding accounting choices. It was also observed that the level of manipulation by accruals (real activities) reduced (increased) after adoption of the IFRS in Brazil. 相似文献
113.
This article argues that the futures of health systems depend on how countries address three wider challenges that include: (a) the adoption of health innovations and quality improvements, (b) responses to new non-communicable and preventable global diseases, as well as (c) adjusting financial models to current insurance constraints. Future trends point towards an increasing dependence on productive quality improvements, the personalisation of health care and the organisation of delivery and finance to take advantage of existing knowledge. Prevention, and disease avoidance, particularly that of non-communicable diseases, will aim to reduce pressure on “care components” of the health system whilst global control of communicable risks will become apparent. Finally, trends suggest an increase in patient participation and personalisation of insurance contracts will help to realign risk sharing with cost containment and financial sustainability. Other potential challenges such as ageing are regarded as second order issues to be addressed through these aforementioned future trends. 相似文献
114.
Ahmed Yangui Faical Akaichi Montserrat Costa‐Font Jos Maria Gil 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2019,63(2):221-246
This study assesses the comparability of discrete choice experiment (DCE), ranking conjoint analysis (RCA) and multiprofile best–worst scaling (BWS) in a nonhypothetical context in terms of estimated partworths, willingness to pay (WTP), response consistency and external validity. Overall, the results suggest that: (i) the conjoint analysis formats that were used in this study provide similar estimated WTP, but different estimated partworths and computed external validity; (ii) the inclusion of the full ranking information in the estimation of the parameters of interest affects the estimated partworths, but not the estimated WTP; and (iii) it is more appropriate to use multiprofile BWS over DCE and RCA because it has better predictive power of consumers’ preferences and provides estimated WTP comparable to those obtained in the others conjoint analysis formats. The BWS’ cognitive process could be considered clearness for participants implying significant increment of its predictive power. 相似文献
115.
116.
Manoela Costa Policarpo Vanessa Apaolaza Patrick Hartmann Mario R. Paredes Clare D'Souza 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2023,47(5):1950-1961
This research develops a theoretical model of the effect of social cynicism as a personality trait on trust in green clothing brands. We conducted an online survey of a representative Australian sample to test the hypothesized relationships. Our findings confirmed that social cynicism affected green brand trust negatively and that this effect can be explained by an increase in perceived greenwashing. Conspicuous consumption moderates this indirect influence. This mediated influence decreased when conspicuous consumption was more salient. Findings provide important practical insights for brand managers intending to avoid a decrease in brand trust regarding garments marketed with sustainability claims. 相似文献
117.
118.
Caroline Opolski Medeiros Suzi Barletto Cavalli Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença 《International Journal of Hospitality Management》2012
The study analyzed of the human resources administration processes at commercial restaurants, focusing on the provision of safe foods to consumers. Interviews were conducted with 105 restaurant managers at the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Three types of restaurants were studied; 45.7% were buffets by weight, 39.1% fast-food restaurants and 15.2% churrascarias. A questionnaire was used with close-ended questions to characterize the restaurants and identify the human resources administration processes for hiring, evaluation, training and provision of benefits to employees. It was found that 89.4% of the restaurants adopt criteria for hiring of employees and 81.9% conduct periodic evaluations. Benefits were offered by 85.7% of the restaurants and 74.3% of the establishments provided employee training. The results indicate that human resources management processes at restaurants can contribute to the provision of safe food, although some establishments still need to adopt professional procedures for recruitment, selection, evaluation and training of their employees. 相似文献
119.
Frej Eduarda Asfora Morais Danielle Costa de Almeida Adiel Teixeira 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2022,31(3):591-620
Group Decision and Negotiation - Preference evaluation is a key aspect of multi-issue negotiation support, especially when the set of possible alternative offers is large. Approaches based on... 相似文献
120.
Afonso Planas Raposo de Almeida Costa Pedro Pita Barros 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2012,12(1):119-141
The question of how interventions from the Competition Authority (CA) affect investment is not a straightforward one: a tougher
competition policy might, by reducing the ability to exert market power, either stimulate firms to invest more to counter
the restrictions on their actions, or make firms invest less because of the reduced ability to have a return on investment.
This tension is illustrated using two models. In one model investment is own-cost-reducing whereas in the other investment
is anti-competitive. Anti-competitive investments are defined as investments that increase competitors’ costs. In both models
the optimal level of investment is reduced with a tougher competition policy. Furthermore, while in the case of an anti-competitive
investment a tougher authority necessarily leads to lower prices, in the case of a cost-reducing investment the opposite may
happen when the impact of the investment on cost is sufficiently high. Results for total welfare are ambiguous in the cost-reducing
investment model, whereas in the anti-competitive investment model welfare unambiguously increases due to a tougher competition
policy. 相似文献