On the asymptotic distribution of the transaction price in a clock model of a multi‐unit,oral, ascending‐price auction within the common‐value paradigm

Using a clock model of a multi‐unit, oral, ascending‐price auction, within the common‐value paradigm, we analyze the behavior of the transaction price as the numbers of bidders and units gets large in a particular way. We find that even though the transaction price is determined by a fraction of losing drop‐out bids, that price converges in probability to the true, but ex ante unknown, value. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the asymptotic distribution of the transaction price is Gaussian. Finally, we apply our methods to data from an auction of taxi license plates held in Shenzhen, China.     

What model for entry in first-price auctions? A nonparametric approach

We develop a selective entry model for first-price auctions that nests two polar models often estimated in the empirical literature on auctions, Levin and Smith (1994), and Samuelson (1985). The selective entry model features a pro-competitive selection effect. The selection effect is shown to be nonparametrically identifiable, and a nonparametric test for its presence is proposed. This test can be used to discriminate between the two polar models.     

The effects of market orientation on relationship learning and relationship performance in industrial marketing: The dyadic perspectives

From dyadic perspectives, this study explores the effect of market orientation on relationship learning and relationship performance and the moderating effect of relationship quality in Taiwan manufacturing industry. The results reveal that: (1) both customer market orientation and supplier market orientation are positively related to relationship learning; (2) relationship learning is positively related to relationship performance; (3) both customer and supplier market orientation has positively interaction effect on shared information and negatively interaction effect on sense-making activities; and (4) trust of relationship quality has moderating effect on the relationship between customer market orientation and relationship learning.     

对国有商业银行"惜贷"问题的理性思考

国有商业银行“惜贷”折射出信用环境不佳,信贷风险大和管理机制缺陷等问题。尽管有其经营行为理性的一面,但对银行自身和社会都是不经济的,尤其是央行刺激内需,缓解通货紧缩压力的政策意图准以得到有效贯彻。解决“惜贷”问题的关键是加大国有商业银行深层次改革的力度,构建完善的信用担保体系和企业征信系统,依法规范社会信用关系。     

A three-pronged approach to transforming African universities: Inherited knowledge, received knowledge and quartiary education

In the course of reappraising the future of the African university, this article focuses on the role and place of inherited knowledge; the significance of domesticating and enriching received knowledge; and the need for a quartiary level to be fully built into African universities. To do so, African universities must tap on all forms of their endogenous societal resources.     

Incorporating support vector machines with multiple criteria decision making for financial crisis analysis

Feature selection is an essential pre-processing technique in data mining that eliminates redundant or unrepresentative attributes and improves the performance of classifiers. However, a classifier with different feature selection approaches results in diverse outcomes. Thus, determining how to integrate feature selection methods and yield an appropriate feature set is an issue worth further study. Based on ensemble learning, this investigation develops a SVMMCDM (support vector machines with multiple criteria decision making) model that employs various feature selection techniques as data preprocessing schemes and then uses SVM for financial crisis prediction. The study uses MCDM to determine the most suitable feature selection mechanism when many performance criteria are considered. After the feature selection mechanism has been determined, the study decomposes the SVM to obtain support vectors and predicted labels which are then fed into a decision tree to generate rules. The numerical results for the ex-ante and ex-post periods relative to the financial tsunami show that the proposed SVMMCDM model is an effective way to predict a financial crisis and can provide useful rules for decision makers.     

也论"刑辩难"--兼论刑事辩护制度之理论基础

文章从刑事辩护制度的理论基础入手,指出程序主体性理论是刑事辩护制度的惟一理论依据,导出“刑辩难”根本上是由于人们对被追诉人程序主体地位认识不足所导致的。在此基础上提出了解决“刑辩难”问题的建议,以期使中国的刑事辩护制度走上良性循环之路。     

A modified static hedging method for continuous barrier options

This study modifies the static replication approach of Derman, E., Ergener, D., and Kani, I. (1995, DEK) to hedge continuous barrier options under the Black, F. and Scholes, M. (1973) model. In the DEK method, the value of the static replication portfolio, consisting of standard options with varying maturities, matches the zero value of the barrier option at n evenly spaced time points when the stock price equals the barrier. In contrast, our modified DEK method constructs a portfolio of standard options and binary options with varying maturities to match not only the zero value but also zero theta on the barrier. Our numerical results indicate that the modified DEK approach improves performance of static hedges significantly for an up‐and‐out call option under the BS model even if the bid–ask spreads are considered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark     

On the rate of convergence of binomial Greeks

This study investigates the convergence patterns and the rates of convergence of binomial Greeks for the CRR model and several smooth price convergence models in the literature, including the binomial Black–Scholes (BBS) model of Broadie M and Detemple J ( 1996 ), the flexible binomial model (FB) of Tian YS ( 1999 ), the smoothed payoff (SPF) approach of Heston S and Zhou G ( 2000 ), the GCRR‐XPC models of Chung SL and Shih PT ( 2007 ), the modified FB‐XPC model, and the modified GCRR‐FT model. We prove that the rate of convergence of the CRR model for computing deltas and gammas is of order O(1/n), with a quadratic error term relating to the position of the final nodes around the strike price. Moreover, most smooth price convergence models generate deltas and gammas with monotonic and smooth convergence with order O(1/n). Thus, one can apply an extrapolation formula to enhance their accuracy. The numerical results show that placing the strike price at the center of the tree seems to enhance the accuracy substantially. Among all the binomial models considered in this study, the FB‐XPC and the GCRR‐XPC model with a two‐point extrapolation are the most efficient methods to compute Greeks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark     

Compound Poisson Model with Covariates

Abstract

Pet insurance in North America continues to be a growing industry. Unlike in Europe, where some countries have as much as 50% of the pet population insured, very few pets in North America are insured. Pricing practices in the past have relied on market share objectives more so than on actual experience. Pricing still continues to be performed on this basis with little consideration for actuarial principles and techniques. Developments of mortality and morbidity models to be used in the pricing model and new product development are essential for pet insurance. This paper examines insurance claims as experienced in the Canadian market. The time-to-event data are investigated using the Cox’s proportional hazards model. The claim number follows a nonhomogenous Poisson process with covariates. The claim size random variable is assumed to follow a lognormal distribution. These two models work well for aggregate claims with covariates. The first three central moments of the aggregate claims for one insured animal, as well as for a block of insured animals, are derived. We illustrate the models using data collected over an eight-year period.