Knowledge search,spillover and creation capability in India's pharmaceutical industry

This paper examines the relationship between knowledge creation capability and both knowledge search as well as knowledge spillover effects. It investigates three research questions: (1) How does knowledge search of a firm affect the firm's knowledge creation capability? (2) How do knowledge spillovers impact the firm's knowledge creation capability and (3) Which effect – knowledge search or knowledge spillover – is greater on the firm's knowledge creation capability? To discuss these questions, it draws data from the pharmaceutical industry in India. Based on patent and citation data from the US Patents and Trademark Office, from 1979 to 2009, empirical results demonstrate that knowledge search and knowledge spillover do have positive effects on knowledge creation capability with the former having greater effects than the latter. It concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of this study and suggestions for future works.     

How transformational leadership fuels employees’ service innovation behavior

Although there is a consensus that transformational leadership (TFL) is critical to successful service innovation behavior, the relationship between the two remains inconclusive. This study adopts a dual perspective approach that considers both motivational and social-political perspectives to further elicit the influence of TFL on the service innovation behavior of frontline employees. Using multiphase and multisource data from 269 employees and 1396 customers of hair salons, the results show that the perceived organizational climate for innovation, creative self-efficacy, and expected image gains fully mediate the relationship between TFL and employees’ service innovation behavior. TFL positively influences employees’ perceived organizational climate for innovation, which in turn enhances the service innovation behavior of employees through both motivational (i.e. creative self-efficacy) and social-political (i.e. expected image gains) mediating mechanisms. Surprisingly, expected image risks are found to have a non-significant relationship with service innovation behavior. We discuss implications of these findings with respect to innovation literature and management practice, as well as offer suggestions for further research.     

对加快玉米生产发展的几点思考

本文从当前玉米消费需求快速增长的形势出发,分析了加快玉米生产发展的重要性和紧迫性,论述了在土地资源制约的条件下,促进玉米生产发展的关键是提高单产水平,技术路径是增加玉米种植密度,进而提出加大政策、科技、投入支持力度等方面的对策建议。     

基于GIS的区域土地利用均衡度时空差异研究——以海南省为例

[目的]区域土地利用均衡度的时空差异是优化土地利用结构的重要依据,通过对海南省土地利用均衡度的时空差异研究,为优化海南省土地空间配置提供借鉴。[方法]GIS空间分析法、极值标准化法、算术平均法和几何平均法。[结果]海南省土地利用均衡度指数由2010年的0.661逐渐增加到2014年的0.761,土地利用均衡度呈现从一般均衡到优质均衡的发展态势;从各市县的对比分析来看,6个市县处于均衡状态,12个市县处于失衡状态。[结论]土地利用处于均衡状态的市县位于海南省东南部和西北部,开发不足失衡的市县位于海南省中部和西部,过度开发失衡的市县位于海南省北部;土地利用开发强度呈现中部-西部-东部递增的态势,土地利用供给能力呈现中部-西部-东部递减的态势,各市县土地空间配置应结合其开发强度与供给能力以及各地经济状况及城市职能定位,进行合理开发利用,加强中西部的发展,促进全省土地利用均衡发展。     

On the factors that affect airline flight frequency and aircraft size

This paper assesses the determinants of aircraft size and frequency of flights on US airline routes by considering market demographics, airport characteristics, airline characteristics and route characteristics. It shows that frequency and aircraft size increase with population, income, and runway length. An increase in the proportion of managerial workers in the labor force or the proportion of population below the age of 25 results in greater frequency with the use of small planes. Slot constrained airports and an increase in the number of nearby airports lead to lower flight frequency with the use of smaller planes. Hubs and low cost carriers are associated with larger plane sizes and higher frequency, while regional airline ownership leads to higher frequency and the use of smaller planes. An increase in distance between the endpoints leads to lower frequency with the use of larger planes. As airport delay rises, airlines reduce frequency and use smaller planes, though when airport cancellations rise, flight frequency increases with the use of larger planes.     

中外商业银行信用风险管理比较研究

信用风险是商业银行面临的最主要的风险,与西方现代商业银行相比,我国信用风险管理还处于较落后的水平。本文介绍了西方现代商业银行信用风险管理的一些做法和技术,与我国商业银行进行比较,并分析我行商业银行信用风险管理的现状及其原因,得到了一些具有启发性的结论。     

Pareto‐archived evolutionary wavelet network for financial constrained portfolio optimization

The multi‐objective portfolio optimization problem is too complex to find direct solutions by traditional methods when constraints reflecting investor's preferences and/or market frictions are included in the mathematical model and hence heuristic approaches are sought for their solution. In this paper we propose the solution of a multi‐criterion (bi‐objective) portfolio optimization problem of minimizing risk and maximizing expected return of the portfolio which includes basic, bounding, cardinality, class and short sales constraints using a Pareto‐archived evolutionary wavelet network (PEWN) solution strategy. Initially, the empirical covariance matrix is denoised by employing a wavelet shrinkage denoising technique. Second, the cardinality constraint is eliminated by the application of k‐means cluster analysis. Finally, a PEWN heuristic strategy with weight standardization procedures is employed to obtain Pareto‐optimal solutions satisfying all the constraints. The closeness and diversity of Pareto‐optimal solutions obtained using PEWN is evaluated using different measures and the results are compared with existing only solution strategies (evolution‐based wavelet Hopfield neural network and evolution‐based Hopfield neural network) to prove its dominance. Eventually, data envelopment analysis is also used to test the efficiency of the non‐dominated solutions obtained using PEWN. Experimental results are demonstrated on the Bombay Stock Exchange, India (BSE200 index: period July 2001–July 2006), and the Tokyo Stock Exchange, Japan (Nikkei225 index: period March 2002–March 2007), data sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

INTEGRATED METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION OF 130–30 INVESTMENT‐STRATEGY‐BASED LONG–SHORT PORTFOLIOS

A 130–30 strategy is an attractive and viable equity investment strategy for building long–short portfolios and notionally expected to enhance investment exposure and market protection. However, the amalgamation of the strategy in the portfolio optimization problem model poses complex constraints which render the problem model difficult for solving using traditional methods, thus justifying the application of metaheuristic solutions. We discuss a metaheuristic and integrated optimization of long–short portfolios, when the 130–30‐strategy‐based constraint, besides other investor preferential constraints, is incorporated in the problem's formulation. In the absence of reported work and for reasons of performance comparison and analysis, two metaheuristic strategies have been proposed in order to solve the problem: (i) evolution strategy with hall of fame and (ii) differential evolution (rand/1/bin) with hall of fame. The experimental studies were undertaken on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE200) and Tokyo Stock Exchange (Nikkei 225) data sets and specifically for the period March 1999–March 2009, which included both upturns and downturns in the global markets. The efficiencies of the portfolios obtained by the two metaheuristic methods were analysed using an efficiency improvement possibility function, a portfolio productivity indicator which is a variation of Luenberger's shortage functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.