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971.
Manuel Carlos Vallejo 《Small Business Economics》2011,36(1):47-64
The results of research of the utilitarian type on the culture of the family firm is reported here. A model is built and defined
on the basis of the main arguments supporting the following theories: general systems theory, neoinstitutional theory, transformational
leadership theory, field theory, learning theory, and group dynamics theory. The resulting model is an instrument that can
be used to deepen our understanding of the organizational culture of this type of firm. It should prove to be a powerful tool
to exploit the competitive potential of this culture, which has often been noted in the literature. 相似文献
972.
This paper focuses on the innovative actions of entrepreneurs, namely their tendency to reveal the intellectual capital that
results from their research efforts either in the form of public knowledge (publications) or private knowledge (patents).
Using data collected by the National Research Council within the US National Academies from their survey of firm’s that received
National Institutes of Health phase II Small Business Innovation Research awards between 1992 and 2001, we find that entrepreneurs
with academic backgrounds are more likely to publish their intellectual capital compared with entrepreneurs with business
backgrounds, who are more likely to patent their intellectual capital. We also find that, when universities are research partners,
their presence complements the tendencies of academic entrepreneurs but does not offset those of business entrepreneurs. 相似文献
973.
The extraordinary growth of the Irish economy since the mid-1990s—the ‘Celtic Tiger’—has attracted a great deal of interest,
commentary and research. Indeed, many countries look to Ireland as an economic development role model, and it has been suggested
that Ireland might provide key lessons for other EU members as they seek to achieve the objectives set out in the Lisbon Agenda.
Much of the discussion of Ireland’s growth has focused on its possible triggers: the long-term consequences of the late 1980s
fiscal stabilisation, EU structural funds, education, wage moderation and devaluation of the Irish punt. The industrial policy
perspective has highlighted the importance of inflows of foreign direct investment, but a notable absence from the discourse
on the ‘Celtic Tiger’ has been any mention of the role of new business venture creation and entrepreneurship. In this paper
we use unpublished Irish VAT data for the years 1988–2004 to provide the first detailed look at national trends in business
birth and death rates in Ireland over the ‘take-off’ period. We also use sub-national VAT data to shed light on spatial trends
in new venture creation. Our overall conclusions are that new business formation made no detectable contribution to the acceleration
of Ireland’s growth in the late 1990s, although we do find evidence of spatial convergence in per capita business stocks. 相似文献
974.
The Emergence of Individual Knowledge in a Group Setting: Mitigating Cognitive Fallacies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Daniel E. O’Leary 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2011,20(1):3-18
Research in psychology has found that subjects regularly exhibit a conjunction fallacy in probability judgments. Additional
research has led to the finding of other fallacies in probability judgment, including disjunction and conditional fallacies.
Such analyses of judgments are critical because of the substantial amount of probability judgment done in accounting, business
and organizational settings. However, most previous research has been conducted in the environment of a single decision maker.
Since business and other organizational environments also employ groups, it is important to determine the impact of groups
on such cognitive fallacies. This paper finds that groups substantially mitigate the impact of probability judgment fallacies
among the sample of subjects investigated. The key finding of this paper is the analysis of the apparent manner in which groups
make such decisions. A statistical analysis, based on a binomial distribution, suggests that groups investigated here did
not use consensus. Instead, if any one member of the group has correct knowledge about the probability relationships, then
the group uses that knowledge and does not exhibit fallacy in probability judgment. Having a computational model of the group
decision making process provides a basis for developing computational models that can be used to simulate “mirror worlds”
of reality or model decision making in real world settings. 相似文献
975.
Joint space multidimensional scaling maps are often utilized for positioning analyses and are estimated on survey samples
of consumer preferences, choices, considerations, or intentions so as to provide a concise spatial depiction of the competitive
landscape including relevant dimensions or attributes, competing brands, and consumers in the same joint space representation.
Care has to be given concerning the underlying scale properties of such survey data so as not to distort the resulting joint
space positioning map. We present a new joint space multidimensional scaling procedure for positioning analyses for displaying
the structure in such survey data when such common ordered successive category measurement scales such as Likert, Edwards,
semantic differential, etc., are employed. We present the technical details of this stochastic ordered preference multidimensional
scaling vector model as well as the maximum likelihood estimation-based algorithm devised for parameter estimation. Favorable
comparisons are made with several existent multidimensional scaling methods in representing the internal structure for such
data in marketing positioning studies. An actual commercial positioning application concerning large sports utility vehicles
consideration to buy judgments is presented with predictive validation comparisons with other multidimensional scaling joint
space procedures. 相似文献
976.
977.
酒店管理专业实习过程管理研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
专业实习是酒店管理专业学生学习过程中必不可少的实践教学环节,从形式上来说,几乎所有的酒店管理专业都比较重视专业实习环节,但通常情况下,实际的实习效果和预期的实习目标之间还存在着较大偏差。针对酒店管理专业实习现存的各种问题,通过问卷调查、实习日志阅读、师生交流等方式进行信息搜集和探索研究,意在为酒店实习的过程管理提供相应对策,改善实习效果,实现酒店管理专业的可持续发展。 相似文献
978.
近年来,关于水资源价值方面的研究日益受到重视,也出了不少研究成果,本文就人们所关心的三个问题进行分析探讨. 相似文献
979.
We consider the implications of the three pillars of sustainability (environment, economy and social justice) on consumption
in a wealthy country. Building a theoretical model that includes consumers, business, government, the environment, and economic
and political relations between nations, we explore how sustainability should affect the consumption behavior of consumers,
charitable aid to poorer countries, and responsible environmental practices by businesses. Our model enables us to provide
normative implications for consumers, society and business. Importantly, we assume that all stakeholders will optimize their
self-interest, and that altruism will only partly explain behavior consistent with sustainability. Among the more non-obvious
findings are that (1) the poorer the poor countries are, the less the rich countries should consume, (2) the more sensitive
the global political climate is to economic inequity between the rich and poor nations, the less the rich countries should
consume, and (3) if aid to poor countries is effective enough, then the more materialistic the society is, the more charitable
aid it should give. We also confirm a number of more intuitive findings, such as that business should use more green technology
as the taxes on pollution and/or efficiency of green technology increase, and the more resource-intensive consumption is,
the less consumers should consume. Taken as a whole, the findings imply that societal consumption patterns should be sensitive
to aspects of environmental impact and social justice, even if altruistic motivations are absent. 相似文献
980.
Market-focused sustainability: market orientation plus! 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concept of sustainability is increasingly being addressed theoretically by scholars and practically by managers and policymakers.
With this growing focus on sustainability efforts, marketing is in a unique position to elevate its focus from managing relationships
with customers to strategically managing a broader set of marketplace issues. Overall, an organization achieves market-based
sustainability to the extent that it strategically aligns itself with the market-oriented product needs and wants of customers
and the interests of multiple stakeholders concerned about social responsibility issues involving economic, environmental,
and social dimensions. To set the stage for marketing’s inquiry into sustainability efforts, I briefly review the concept
of sustainability, compare it with corporate social responsibility, bring in stakeholders, argue for the notion of “market
orientation plus,” and consider the possibility that the notion of what sustainability encompasses is converging in the marketing
literature. 相似文献