网间进程同步与实时应用

进程同步技术最初来源于单机系统,随着计算机网络技术的发展和应用,分布于网络中的进程同步将成为应用系统软件设计的关键.针对分布式实时应用软件的需求,重点研究了SOCKET工作机制和技术特性,并通过应用实例展示了SOCKET解决网络进程同步和资源共享问题发挥的作用.     

Modeling Methods for Discrete Choice Analysis

This paper introduces new forms, sampling and estimation approaches fordiscrete choice models. The new models include behavioral specifications oflatent class choice models, multinomial probit, hybrid logit, andnon-parametric methods. Recent contributions also include new specializedchoice based sample designs that permit greater efficiency in datacollection. Finally, the paper describes recent developments in the use ofsimulation methods for model estimation. These developments are designed toallow the applications of discrete choice models to a wider variety ofdiscrete choice problems.     

论出版业绿色低碳发展策略

我国出版产业目前存在高碳、浪费、污染等诸多问题,发展绿色低碳出版势在必行。绿色低碳出版应包括低碳环保、生态文明、数字集约。对策可以为加大政策扶持力度,进行利益协调,采取政策倾斜和相关优惠政策,使绿色低碳出版得到保障;打造绿色低碳出版产业生态链,实现良性循环模式;发展数字出版,使其成为出版产业绿色发展的一个重要途径。     

A mirror of history: China's bond market, 1921–42

This article provides a quantitative assessment of contemporary beliefs about historical events by econometrically identifying ‘break points’ in China's domestic bond market from 1921 to 1942. We find that these ‘break points’ usually coincided with the events highlighted by the Shanghai Newspaper—an influential daily newspaper produced during the time of the Republic of China. These events are also generally considered to be crucial by historians—for example, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and the outbreak of the Second Sino‐Japanese War. However, some events to which historians attach great importance, such as the conflicts between Nationalists and Communists in the 1930s, were not reflected in the bond market and did not attract much media attention. Some events, such as the Sino‐Japanese ceasefire in Tanggu in 1933, were thought to be crucial by contemporaries, but have been downplayed by later observers.     

老年人养老方式选择的影响因素研究——基于CHARLS数据的实证分析

本研究在CHARLS调查所获得的微观数据的基础上进行,首先对老年人养老方式选择的结果和老年人人口特质、健康状况、经济状况等方面的6个变量进行关联分析,再通过二项Logistic回归模型,将是否选择机构养老作为被解释变量进行回归分析。结果表明非机构养老方式仍是老年人的主要选择,年龄、婚姻状况、慢性疾病情况、经济状况等因素与老年人养老方式的选择存在显著的关联并对选择结果产生影响。     

Consensus Among Economists—An Update

In this article, the authors explore consensus among economists on specific propositions based on a fall 2011 survey of American Economic Association members. Results are based on 568 responses and provide evidence of changes in opinion over time by including propositions from earlier studies in 2000 (Fuller and Geide-Stevenson 2003) and 1992 (Alston, Kearl, and Vaughan 1992). Propositions focus on microeconomics, macroeconomics, distributional and international topics, as well as pedagogy. Results indicate a movement toward an overall higher level of consensus, mainly because of a drop in the incidence of no consensus. Especially in the area of distributional propositions, economists display an increased concern with income inequality and potential effects on growth. In the area of macroeconomics, current opinions are more similar to those of the 1992 survey than the 2000 survey.     

The Relationship of Cognitive Effort,Information Acquisition Preferences and Risk to Simulated Auditor–Client Negotiation Outcomes

The auditor–client relationship is a legally-mandated relationship in which one party, the auditor, is hired and paid by the auditee (client) to inform third party stakeholders as to whether the client firm’s financial statements are presented in conformity with national financial accounting standards. When these statements do not meet the criteria for acceptable financial statements, a negotiation situation may arise in which the auditor is presumed to act in the best interests of shareholders and creditors who have no independent knowledge of the auditor’s findings. The client management may then feel forced to defend its numbers. The result is a negotiation between the auditor and client (e.g., Salterio in Account Financ 52:233–286, 2012; Brown and Wright in Account Horiz 22(1):91–109, 2008). This study examines cognitive factors and risk preference factors that may impact the negotiation both in the setting of each side’s negotiation position and on the outcomes of that negotiation using simulated auditor–client negotiations. Questionnaire and simulated auditor–client negotiations were used to generate the data, with MBA and MS in Accounting students playing the role of client CEOs and auditor partners. We further explore the use of a tool, Structural Equation Modeling, to test the data, in the process highlighting its usefulness in auditor–client negotiation research. We find that the cognitive characteristic of need for cognition is significantly and positively related to achievement of the negotiator’s desired income objectives and reported willingness to argue strongly for his/her position. Actively open-minded thinking, a second cognitive variable studied, was not significantly related to success in the negotiations, nor to a reported willingness to argue strongly for his/her position. Finally, we find that perceived aggressive tactics by the other party to the negotiation had a negative impact on the counterpart negotiator’s success in the negotiation, and satisfaction with it. As expected, risk assessment-related variables were not related to outcomes of interest.     

Product market competition and conditional conservatism

Based on pooled cross-sectional analysis, we find a robust positive relation between product market competition and conditional accounting conservatism. We also find evidence of an inter-temporal increase in conditional conservatism following industry deregulation and increased antitrust case filings. Distinguishing further between two dimensions of competition, we find conditional conservatism is greater when there is a higher threat of new entrants as well as stiff existing competition. Moreover, we find these results largely hold for industry followers as opposed to industry leaders, suggesting that strategic considerations shape the extent to which product market competition affects conditional conservatism.     

Research on the Credit Cycle and Business Cycle with a Focus on Ten States from Central,Eastern, and Southeastern Europe

By performing an econometric analysis of the credit cycle and business cycle from an individual as well as a comparative perspective, with a focus on ten relevant economies from the areas of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe, this research offers a fresh view regarding the importance of banks in promoting long-term economic growth through their lending capacity. The purpose is to better understand the behavior (the short- and medium-term dynamics) of the credit cycle and business cycle and the effects of the interactions between them. The results of this study offer valuable insights for both academics and policymakers and provide a warning to regulators not to overregulate or put too much pressure on banking activity.     

创新政策与企业能力驱动稀土产业链延伸的组态路径研究

驱动稀土产业链延伸不仅关系中国战略性新兴产业以及国防科技工业的健康发展,而且是应对以美国为首的西方发达国家对中国实施高科技产品技术封锁的智睿之策。从创新政策与企业能力两个层面构建了驱动稀土产业链延伸的理论分析框架,并以 44 家中国 A 股稀土产业链上市公司为研究样本,以 2017 年和 2020 年为动态观测点,运用组态思维和 fsQCA 方法,探究财政补贴、税收优惠、风险承担水平、原料保障能力、规模水平和产权属性等前因条件耦合形成的不同组态对稀土产业链延伸的影响路径及其动态演变。结果表明：单个前因条件并不构成实现稀土产业链延伸的必要条件,但是提高财政补贴、原料保障能力和规模水平在驱动稀土企业实现产业链延伸路径中发挥着较普适的重要作用;驱动稀土产业链延伸是由多个前因条件协同作用的结果,各前因条件的有效结合以“殊途同归”的方式促进稀土企业实现产业链延伸;驱动稀土企业实现产业链延伸的路径具有较为明显的动态变化特征,呈现出以单一条件主导为主向双元条件联动主导的演变趋势。研究结论拓展和深化了产业链延伸的理论框架,为制定切实可行的中国稀土产业链延伸政策提供了具有重要参考价值的理论依据。