Speedier delivery: coastal shipping times and speeds during the Age of Sail †

There is a debate about whether coastal shipping experienced substantial productivity growth prior to the advent of steam power. To study changes over the long eighteenth century, this article uses thousands of coastal journey times culled from Board of Trade crew lists between 1835 and 1844 and coastal port books for the mid‐to‐late 1600s, along with a newly digitized coastal network. Comparisons between matched samples show that journey speeds, defined as miles sailed per day, were significantly higher in the crew lists compared to the port books, and that voyage cycle times, defined as days between starting two identical voyages, were substantially lower. The study also shows that voyage times in the east coast coal trade were substantially lower around 1840 than around 1700, but the difference was much smaller when peace years are compared. These new data imply that total factor productivity growth in the east coast coal trade was significant, especially if one accounts for gains from peace after 1815. The findings contribute to the larger literature studying the rate and sources of productivity growth during the industrial revolution.     

省级地勘基金项目预算编制与审查方法探讨——以四川省为例

从预算管理的起点着手,提高项目预算编制与审查质量,为财政资金使用的合理性、有效性和安全性提供一套系统、完整、规范的模式方法最为关键。以四川省为例从地勘基金项目预算的编制与审查原则、内容、依据和方法等方面,就如何建立系统化、规范化、统一化的项目预算编制与审查的模式及方法进行了探讨。     

CMS模型研究述评——基于期刊文献检索视角

恒定市场份额模型（CMS）发展至今已有半个多世纪,它是竞争力评价和出口增长因素分析的重要方法,国内学者对该模型的应用仅有十几年时间,仍处于初级研究阶段。本文基于期刊文献检索,从研究目标、研究内容和研究方法等方面对国内关于市场份额模型的文献进行了梳理和评价,最后提出展望。     

国内游客饮食消费动机满足感及其满意度研究——以南京市为例

本文以南京市为例,运用调查法与统计分析法,探讨了国内游客饮食满意度与饮食消费动机满足感及其在人口学特征和出游方式方面的差异性,并进一步分析了国内游客饮食满意度与消费动机满足感之间的相关关系及结构关系。结果显示,南京市国内游客饮食消费动机满足感及其满意度的评价水平普遍不高,在人口学特征及出游方式方面的差异性不尽相同,国内游客饮食总体满意度与饮食消费动机满足感之间存在着显著的正相关关系,其中,国内游客饮食消费动机满足感对饮食总体满意度的影响程度最大的为求新求异满足感,其次是充饥满足感,再次是文化体验满足感,最小的为营养健康满足感。     

The Leader–Member Exchange Theory in the Chinese Context and the Ethical Challenge of Guanxi

Journal of Business Ethics - The leader–member relationship has been identified as a key determinant of successful working relationships and business outcomes in China. A high-quality...     

Is non-audit services a suitable proxy for auditor independence in the post-SOX period?

Before implementation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002, researchers frequently used fees from non-audit services (NAS) as a surrogate for auditor independence. NAS is still used in this way, even though SOX has restricted the types of NAS that auditors may provide to their clients. Therefore, we pose the following question: What does the literature say about the continuing adequacy of NAS as a surrogate for auditor independence in the post-SOX era? This question is relevant to research in accounting regulation because, if NAS is no longer an adequate surrogate, then research on auditor independence may provide biased results. Overall, we find that many post-SOX studies using NAS have insignificant or counterintuitive results, whereas pre-SOX studies using NAS predominantly have significant results suggesting that NAS impairs auditor independence. Is this shift in findings because NAS is no longer an adequate proxy for independence? We discuss this issue and provide our conclusions, citing relevant research where applicable.     

Static and Dynamic Externalities,Industry Composition,and State Labor Productivity: A Panel Study of States

Endogenous growth models have reignited interest in regional economic growth. Recent regional growth studies focus on dynamic externalities related to localization and urbanization economies. Yet, these studies typically attempt to observe externality-induced productivity effects indirectly through examination of employment growth. Also, issues of regional differences in concentrations of nationally productive industries and distinguishing between static and dynamic externalities have received little attention. This study directly relates measures of externalities to productivity differences, decomposing them into those due to differences in industry composition and those due to average productivity differences in each industry. A two-step procedure is used to distinguish static from dynamic externalities.     

Endogenous Co-Leadership When Demand is Uncertain

Consider an oligopolistic industry where production is time-consuming, so that each firm needs to make quantity commitment by producing before the market opens. If demand uncertainty resolves some time before the market arrives, then those firms who produce early behave as simultaneous leaders (co-leaders), whilst those who wait until demand becomes observable will be followers. We discover that, in an n -firm oligopoly, the equilibrium number of co-leaders tends to be in excess of their socially optimal number, albeit both numbers monotonically decrease in the magnitude of demand uncertainty relative to the expected level of demand. We also find that, with demand uncertainty and the possibility of Stackelberg behaviour, whether the excess entry theorem applies depends upon the number of existing followers.     

建立现代农业与促进农村劳动力转移的矛盾及破解

大量农村轻壮年劳动力的转移使现代农业的建设缺乏必要的人力资源,如何解决两者的矛盾关系到现代农业的建立和新农村建设的成败。对此,我们应该站在新农村建设的大局上来看待两者的关系,通过积极引导外出青年回乡创业和支持大学生到农村发展来实现在促进农村劳动力转移的同时更好地发展现代农业。