分层次教学法在体育教学中的效果研究

在体育教学中运用"多层次教学法"能体现"以人为本"的教育思想,充分激发每个学生的学习情绪和兴趣,使学生潜在的智能、技能等得到开发,从而增强体育教学的效果。     

Simultaneous versus sequential information processing

Subjects update prior information simultaneously versus sequentially. The mean prediction is remarkably close to the correct Bayesian estimate with simultaneous information, but differs significantly conditional on whether good news precedes bad news or vice versa.     

Fine-scale conservation planning outside of reserves: Cost-effective selection of retention patches at final harvest

Retaining forest patches at final harvest is a key conservation measure in boreal forests, but guidelines for how to increase its cost-effectiveness are lacking. In a study in boreal Sweden, we compared the cost-effectiveness of three different approaches a forest owner may use to select patches: selection based on the conservation value of patches alone, economic cost alone or both of them combined. We also compared the cost-effectiveness of six different common types of patches. Conservation value was measured as species richness of bryophytes and lichens and as structural characteristics of patches. Compared to the selection approach in which both conservation value and cost were used, cost-effectiveness was 5-14% lower when only conservation value was used, depending on how conservation value was measured. On the contrary, using only the economic cost decreased the cost-effectiveness by only 1-2%. Among the patch types, swamp forest areas and deciduous tree groups were cost-effective types to retain. However, the patch types were complementary in their species composition and all hosted unique species. We argue that, ideally, assessments of both conservation values and economic costs of retaining patches should be made prior to harvest to enable planners to make well-informed and cost-effective decisions.     

长株潭城市群推进低碳城镇化的思考

在推进长株潭城市群的城镇化进程中,为了培育新的经济增长点和抢占战略制高点,转变传统的经济发展模式和突出发展低碳经济刻不容缓。通过对长株潭城市群推进低碳城镇化的可行性进行分析,针对性地提出了长株潭城市群发展低碳城镇化的对策,为实现"两型社会",推进新型城镇化建设提供参考。     

生态系统服务功能评估在土地利用总体规划环境影响评价中的应用——以黑龙江省大庆市为例

环境影响评价在土地利用规划中的应用研究已经广泛开展,将生态系统服务功能价值核算应用到环境影响评价中,对大庆市1996—2010年土地利用总体规划进行环境影响评价。结果表明:研究期内,大庆市土地利用类型中未利用地和牧草地面积净减少;湿地、林地和居民及建筑用地面积净增加,其中湿地增加最多;大庆市生态系统服务总价值从1996年373.71×108元增加到2010年的787.07×108元,在规划期内净增加了413.35×108元,单项功能服务价值全部在增加,其中废物处理、气候调节和水源涵养增幅最大,这主要是由气候调节作用强的林地增加和水源涵养系数最高的水域增加共同引起的。人均生态服务价值也保持增长的趋势,增长的变化率为83.61%,说明该规划对大庆市生态环境状况的改善起到了促进作用,有利于生态环境保护目标的实现。     

Effect of Diversity of Large Wildlife Species on Financial Benefits to Local Communities in Northwest Namibia

There exist few quantitative assessments of the relationship between biodiversity per se and economic benefits at scales that are relevant for conservation. Similarly, the merits of Community-Based Natural Resource Management programs for both wildlife and people are contested. Here, we harness two databases, on wildlife surveys and financial benefits, to address these issues for communal conservancies in northwest Namibia. We use ordination methods to characterize the diversity and stability of large wildlife assemblages on conservancies, and demonstrate that diversity (but not stability) is an important explanator of conservancy financial benefits. Our results indicate that for this area of Namibia, biodiversity, as represented by large wildlife assemblages, has an important, positive effect on the tangible financial benefits that people derive from conservation programs.     

Social exchange: Empirical examination of form and focus

We investigate similarities and differences among prominent types of social exchange (psychological contract fulfillment, perceived organizational support, trust in the organization, leader-member exchange, and trust in the supervisor) and propose that two higher-order factors represent social exchanges with the organization and with the supervisor. We investigate their prediction of important employee work attitudes, citizenship behaviors, and performance. Based on data from 448 employees, empirical tests support the existence of organization- and supervisor-directed social exchanges. Tests using structural equation modeling support unique predictions of attitudinal and behavioral work outcomes.     

Institutional environment and firms' sources of financial capital in Central and Eastern Europe

The external business environment is a major determinant of which sources firms select to obtain financial capital. We examine how the regulatory, political, and financial dimensions of the institutional environment influence the extent to which firms rely on informal sources of financial capital. The analyses of data from 2869 firms in twenty-six transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) indicate that ineffective regulatory system, underdeveloped financial system, and government corruption are strong determinants of firms' reliance on informal channels for financial capital. We also find that smaller firms are more vulnerable when the local financial system is underdeveloped and the regulatory institutions are less effective in these transition economies. A subgroup analysis of firms' forms of establishment shows that private firms are sensitive to the level of development of the local financial system and state-owned enterprises are particularly sensitive to the degree of corruption.     

基于双边视角的零售商运营研究

供应商的多样化和差异化,是零售平台的普遍特征。不同于源于供应商多样化的组间网络效应,源于差异化的供应商对顾客的边际组间网络效应是递减的,同时带来供应商间的负的竞争效应。研究发现,随差异化竞争的供应商数量增长,零售商对供应商的组间网络效应补贴下降,并向供应商收取源于差异化竞争的价格加成,限制差异化竞争的供应商数量。供应商间的差异化度越低,最优的差异化供应商数量越少。零售商在供应商多样化和差异化之间权衡选择的差异,形成零售商服务的差异化,有利于缓和零售商间的竞争。     

关于水资源价值的三个问题

近年来,关于水资源价值方面的研究日益受到重视,也出了不少研究成果,本文就人们所关心的三个问题进行分析探讨.