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61.
Speroni KG Lucas J Dugan L O'Meara-Lett M Putman M Daniel M Atherton M 《Nursing economic$》2011,29(1):15-20, 37
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) accounts for the majority of nosocomial pneumonias, which may increase intensive care and prolonged hospital stays. Endotracheal tubes allowing continuous subglottic suctioning may reduce VAP; however, they are more expensive than standard endotracheal tubes not allowing continuous suctioning. he objective of this study was to measure the comparative costs associated with continuous subglottic suctioning endotracheal tubes (CSS-ETT) versus standard endotracheal tubes (S-ETT) among intubated patients and whether cost differential is offset by the occurrence of VAP in patients receiving either type of intubation. A retrospective chart review was conducted for 154 intubated adult patients (77 = S-ETT; 77 = CSS-ETT). The S-ETT group had one case of VAP; the CSS-ETT group had none. The mean total hospital charges were higher for the S-ETT group ($103,600; CSS-ETT= $88,500) (p = 0.3). Although the average number of intubation days and ICU days were greater for the CSS-ETT group, there were no cases of VAP compared to the S-ETT group. ased upon the one S-ETT VAP case and the VAP attributable costs, it is cost effective to use the CSS-ETT. 相似文献
62.
63.
Alexander E. Ellinger Ay?e Banu Elmada? Ba? Andrea D. Ellinger Yu-Lin Wang Daniel G. Bachrach 《Journal of Business Research》2011,64(6):572-578
This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of organizational investments in social capital (OISC). The scale development process is carried out over three stages (item generation, scale purification, scale validation), with two separate data collection phases involving a total of 735 working adults from multiple and diverse service-related workplace settings. As such, the data provide evidence for the face, content, discriminant, convergent and nomological validity, dimensionality and reliability of the OISC measure. The OISC measure is a concise, unidimensional scale that has the potential for significant usage in the development and testing of theory, as well as practical application in retail and other service provision contexts. 相似文献
64.
The Emergence of Individual Knowledge in a Group Setting: Mitigating Cognitive Fallacies 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Daniel E. O’Leary 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2011,20(1):3-18
Research in psychology has found that subjects regularly exhibit a conjunction fallacy in probability judgments. Additional
research has led to the finding of other fallacies in probability judgment, including disjunction and conditional fallacies.
Such analyses of judgments are critical because of the substantial amount of probability judgment done in accounting, business
and organizational settings. However, most previous research has been conducted in the environment of a single decision maker.
Since business and other organizational environments also employ groups, it is important to determine the impact of groups
on such cognitive fallacies. This paper finds that groups substantially mitigate the impact of probability judgment fallacies
among the sample of subjects investigated. The key finding of this paper is the analysis of the apparent manner in which groups
make such decisions. A statistical analysis, based on a binomial distribution, suggests that groups investigated here did
not use consensus. Instead, if any one member of the group has correct knowledge about the probability relationships, then
the group uses that knowledge and does not exhibit fallacy in probability judgment. Having a computational model of the group
decision making process provides a basis for developing computational models that can be used to simulate “mirror worlds”
of reality or model decision making in real world settings. 相似文献
65.
Daniel H. Robinson 《Open Economies Review》2011,22(5):767-768
SPECIAL ISSUE OF OPEN ECONOMIES REVIEW
Challenges and Risks in the International Monetary System 相似文献66.
67.
68.
Daniel C. Feldman 《人力资源管理》1996,35(2):145-161
The literature on managing careers has traditionally been based on the twin assumptions of organizational growth and increased opportunities for individual advancement. Large-scale layoffs in the 1980s and continued downsizing in the 1990s, however, have left organizations questioning how to develop the careers of their employees under conditions of diminished resources and have left employees wondering how to manage their own careers under conditions of diminished opportunities. This article examines the issues involved in managing careers in downsizing firms from both the organization's and the individual's perspective. In addition, it explores not only short-term tactics for handling career disruptions which occur at the time of downsizing but also longer-term strategies for managing careers during times of little or no organizational growth. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
69.
This study explores the effects of consumer knowledge on respondents' evaluations of both known and unknown brands that include either a 2-year or a 20-year warranty. Both experts and nonexperts evaluated warranty as more important than brand name in their product quality decision. Warranty length was positively correlated with product quality perceptions for both known and unknown brands. With the unknown brand, nonexperts perceived significant improvement in product quality when the warranty length was increased from 2 to 20 years. For the known brand, nonexperts perceived little difference in quality for the two warranty lengths. Experts indicated no significant differences in perceived quality, given the four brand/warranty-length conditions. The results indicate that warranty length is most heavily weighted as a cue to product quality when consumers are not highly knowledgeable, and the brand name is not well known. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
70.
We study markets with costly buyer search in which sellers simultaneously post prices. Buyers costlessly observe one or (with probability 1−q) two of the posted prices, and can accept one or pay to search again. The experiment varies q, the search cost, and the number of buyers. Equilibrium theory predicts a unified very low (high) price for q=0 (q=1) and predicts specific distributions of dispersed prices for q=1/3 and 2/3. Actual prices conform closely to the predictions in some treatments. Buyers’ reservation prices are biased away from the extremes, however, and sellers’ prices have positive autocorrelation and cross-sectional correlation. 相似文献