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971.
John B. Loomis Lucas S. Bair & Armando González–Cabán 《American journal of agricultural economics》2002,84(4):1091-1102
To test the similarity of English– and Spanish–speaking households responses to a contingent valuation survey, phone interviews were conducted in both languages regarding two forest fire prevention programs. While there were similar response rates, there were significant differences in the most frequent reasons given for refusing to pay. In the pooled logit model, the language intercept and bid interaction variables were insignificant in both programs. The likelihood ratio test of separate logit equations showed no statistical difference between English– and Spanish–speaking households responses to either program. Mean benefits reported by Spanish–speaking households were about one–third lower than English–speaking households, although the difference is not statistically significant. 相似文献
972.
973.
Edward Nissan Miguel-��ngel Galindo Mart��n Mar��a-Teresa M��ndez Picazo 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2011,7(3):311-324
The main goal of this paper is to show that organizations and institutions play a relevant role in the economic growth process,
both directly and indirectly. Human capital plays a direct role by facilitating the introduction and use of new technologies.
A more indirect role is play by entrepreneurial activity in three ways: 1) supplying monetary funds; 2) creating an adequate
social climate and 3) encouraging trust in the society. The hypotheses introduced are tested using the data on eleven countries. 相似文献
974.
This paper shows that specialized education reduces workers’ mobility and hence their ability to cope with economic changes. We illustrate this point using labor force data from two countries having experienced important macroeconomic turbulence; a large economy with rigid labor markets, Poland, and a small open economy with increased flexibility, Estonia. We find that holding a vocational degree is associated with much longer unemployment duration spells and higher likelihood of leaving activity for older workers. We then build a theoretical framework in which young agents’ careers are heavily determined by the type of initial education, and analyze the transition to a new steady-state after a sectoral demand shift. Quantitative exercises suggest that the over-specialization of the labor force in Poland led to much higher and persistent unemployment compared to Estonia during the period of EU enlargement. Traditional labor market institutions (wage rigidity and employment protection) lead to an increase of the unemployment gap, but to a lesser extent. 相似文献
975.
Despite the achievements obtained by environmental economics over recent decades, it shares the same failings as economic
theory in general. In this sense, regarding preferences, very little attention has been paid to three elements; the long-term
change in social preferences, the incorporation of non-economic factors in the structure of preferences, and the need to consider
some kind of heterogeneity in social preferences. In this paper we deal with these three issues by developing a new framework
which encloses non-economic factors as one of the driving forces to explain consumer behavior and which allows us to endogeneize
preference and consider heterogeneity. After setting up our approach, we pose the question as to how far such a framework
modifies the levels of use and consumption of a renewable resource. Our findings have enabled us to draw interesting conclusions
regarding environmental policies in place since the 1970s. 相似文献
976.
Citizen involvement in promoting sustainable mobility 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Angel Ibeas Luigi dell’Olio Rosa Barreda Montequín 《Journal of Transport Geography》2011,19(4):475-487
This article proposes a methodology for promoting public involvement in the planning process for the promotion of sustainable mobility. The concept of the focus group (FG) is widened and a method based on holding larger groups defined as mega focus groups (MFG) is proposed. These MFG allow all sections of society to be represented in the participation process, thereby involving the population at a strategic level in subjects of general interest to society and later, holding smaller FGs on more specific subject matters (tactical level).The advantage of the larger MFG over the smaller FG is that they can obtain more information (between 40 and 60 people take part) from easily run meetings (similar to the FG). The MFG also provide a territorial representation of peoples’ opinions and serve as a mechanism for selecting the participants in the smaller focus groups. The information extracted from both the MFG and FG about people’s perceptions of sustainable mobility provides the background to the design of pilot surveys on urban mobility. For a better understanding of the development of this method and its possible applications in any town or city the article includes its practical application in the medium sized city of Santander (Northern Spain). 相似文献
977.
Improving human capital through knowledge management practices in knowledge-intensive business services 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article studies how knowledge management (KM) practices improve human capital. We conceptualize KM practices through
six dimensions and test the relationship between each dimension and human capital. The empirical study which was carried out
in Spanish firms belonging to the biotechnology and telecommunications industries shows that introducing KM practices has
a positive impact on the improvement of human capital. In fact, firms that introduce practices related to continuous learning
and the development of an innovative culture that encourages R&D projects improve the skills or abilities of their human capital. 相似文献
978.
Thomas Oberthür Peter Läderach Huver Posada Myles J. Fisher Luis F. Samper Julia Illera Laure Collet Edgar Moreno Rodrigo Alarcón Andres Villegas Herman Usma Carolina Perez Andy Jarvis 《Food Policy》2011
International markets are increasingly signaling demand for quality-differentiated coffee, which the Colombian Coffee Growers Federation (FNC) proposed to exploit to identify those regional coffees that would fulfill the requirements to be classified as denomination of origin. The objective of this study was to develop and implement a sound, robust and repeatable approach with and for the FNC to identify regional causal relationships between coffee quality and environmental characteristics as bases for labels of denomination of origin. Environmental differences between coffee-growing areas in the departments of Cauca and Nariño were statistically significant for several characteristics, including the number of dry months, annual precipitation and diurnal temperature range. The dominant varieties (Caturra and Colombia) did not show major differences in quality attributes, and were pooled for the analyses with the environmental data. There are significant differences in biochemical and sensorial product characteristics between the two departments. The spatial patterns in product characteristics exhibit a non-random, regionally-changing structure that is related to those in the environmental data. The generated results provided ample evidence to support the application for regionally-based denominations of origin. Recommendations were derived to help mainstreaming the developed approach and thereby facilitate policy decisions for its use in other geographies and with other crops. Furthermore, the importance of systematic interdisciplinary institutional collaboration for large-scale denomination of origin projects was corroborated for food policy dialogue and decision making. It seems plausible that producers of high-quality products within other commodities are likely to follow the FNC in seeking denomination of origin for their goods. The presented approach is crucial to facilitate policy. 相似文献
979.
Price setting in forward-looking customer markets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
If consumers form habits in individual goods, firms face a time-inconsistency problem. Low prices in the future help attract customers in the present. Firms, therefore, have an incentive to promise low prices in the future, but price gouge when the future arrives. In this setting, firms benefit from “committing to a sticky price.” If consumers have incomplete information about costs and demand, the firm-preferred equilibrium has the firm price at or below a “price cap.” The model therefore provides an explanation for the simultaneous existence of a rigid regular price and frequent “sales”. 相似文献
980.
Juan A. Garcia-Cebro Ramón Varela-Santamaría 《Journal of International Money and Finance》2011,30(8):1791-1813
This paper analyzes the implications of a production technology in developed countries (DC) characterized by the share of imported raw materials coming from the less developed countries (LDC). We focus on the question of how this richer productive structure affects the international transmission of a monetary shock across developed countries. In this context, it is shown that (i) the share of raw materials and/or its low substitutability is a source of exchange rate volatility. (ii) Welfare transmission depends critically on the extent of their share in production. (iii) Sufficiently high shares of imported raw materials in the DC production functions explain better positive co-movements between DC outputs. 相似文献