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91.
92.
93.
Henk Don 《De Economist》2010,158(3):323-335
Educational institutions in the Netherlands have some degree of economic independence. Their management decisions are not
guided completely by a budget system, but in part also by a market mechanism. Still, budget management is crucial as survival
is not primarily determined by the amount of equity capital, but by the annual funding received from the government. For the
evaluation of capital management, a capitalization factor is introduced to measure the amount of capital employed by an educational
institute in relation to its annual income. It can signal possible inefficiencies reflected in excessive capital assets. Actual
budget and capital management is assessed with the help of four financial indicators. There appears to be scope for improvements
in financial policies and some recommendations are offered on how to attain them. 相似文献
94.
Goetz Renan-Ulrich; Schmid Hansjorg; Lehmann Bernard 《European Review of Agricultural Economics》2006,33(1):1-30
Among the second-best approaches for the regulation of pollution,little attention has been paid to the distorting effect of intensivemargin policies on the extensive margin. This article shows,within a dynamic framework, that regulation of the intensivemargin has to be complemented by regulation of the extensivemargin. Depending on the elasticity of the pollution functionwith respect to nitrogen use, the appropriate regulation atthe extensive margin is zero, a tax or a subsidy. We show empiricallythat combining a nitrogen tax with land-use taxes is about 18per cent more cost efficient than a nitrogen tax alone and 58per cent more efficient than off-site abatement in the formof groundwater treatment. 相似文献
95.
96.
Studies into corporate social responsibility (CSR) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have suggested that small
businesses are different to the large companies on which CSR research usually focusses. Extending this argument, this article
raises the question what differences in approaches to CSR there are within the SME category. Analysing the CSR strategy and performance of a medium-sized fashion retailer in the United Kingdom through
manager interviews as well as customer and employee surveys, the article develops an analytical framework of CSR in small,
medium and large firms. The argument is developed that medium-sized firms occupy a transition stage, where some CSR features
that are reminiscent of small enterprises are still important but get overlaid with aspects that are more typical of large
companies. 相似文献
97.
98.
We use a very general bivariate GARCH-M model and monthly data on EU countries covering the 1962–2003 period to test for the impact of real (output growth) and nominal (inflation) macroeconomic uncertainty on inflation and output growth. Our evidence supports a number of important conclusions. First, in the majority of countries uncertainty regarding the output growth rate is related to the average growth rate and the effect in several countries is negative. Second, in half of the cases there is no significant relationship between inflation uncertainty and output growth performance. Third, inflation and output uncertainty have a mixed effect on inflation. Nevertheless, considerable evidence for the Cukierman–Meltzer hypothesis is obtained. Our conclusions are based on adopting both a structural and a reduced-form bivariate GARCH model. Finally, we also find statistically significant evidence of regime switching for both inflation and output growth volatility throughout the sample. 相似文献
99.
Don Latham 《公共资金与管理》2013,33(4):23-25
Local authority social service departments are not the only providers of care. In most communities, private and voluntary organisations provide alternatives, which usually remain firmly outside the public sector. Wiltshire, with some backing from central government, has sought to make the most effective use of those alternatives, both in terms of care and cost. 相似文献
100.
When analyzing relative performance, especially at the institutional level, the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models do not recognize vastly different and important activities as separate functions and therefore cannot identify which function may be the main source of inefficiency. We propose a novel two-stage DEA model that decomposes the overall efficiency of a decision-making unit into two components and demonstrate its applicability by assessing the relative performance of 66 large mutual fund families in the US over the period 1993–2008. By decomposing the overall efficiency into operational management efficiency and portfolio management efficiency components, we reveal the best performers, the families that deteriorated in performance, and those that improved in their performance over the sample period. We also make frontier projections for poorly performing mutual fund families and highlight how the portfolio managers have managed their funds relative to the others during financial crisis periods. 相似文献