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41.
Marc J. Goovaerts PhD Eddy Van den Borre Roger J. A. Laeven PhD 《North American actuarial journal : NAAJ》2013,17(3):77-89
Abstract In this paper we show how the optimal amount of economic capital can be derived such that it minimizes the economic cost of risk-bearing. The economic cost of risk-bearing takes into account the cost of the economic capital as well as the exposure to residual risk. In addition to the absolute problem of determining the amount of economic capital, we also consider the relative problem of how to establish the allocation of economic capital among subsidiaries. Because subsidiaries are juridical entities, they will also consider the absolute problem of economic capital allocation themselves. In an equilibrium situation, the relative allocation derived by the conglomerate and the absolute allocation derived by the subsidiaries coincide. We show that the diversification benefit that is typically obtained in a conglomerate construction creates a virtual economic capital for subsidiaries within the conglomerate. We show further that the approach we propose to solve the absolute problem of economic capital allocation also can be applied to the problem of optimal portfolio selection, extending the well-known Markowitz approach and providing a tool for management by economic capital. 相似文献
42.
43.
Brent A. Gloy Michael A. Gunderson Eddy L. LaDue 《American journal of agricultural economics》2005,87(3):703-716
Borrower-level data from 963 agricultural lending relationships are used to examine how several factors influence the costs and returns of extending agricultural credit. The results provide estimates of the costs and returns of agricultural lending and the extent to which these costs and returns are influenced by factors such as loan volume, lender/borrower relationship factors, and contract terms. The findings indicate that economies of size exist in agricultural credit delivery and that lenders pass most of these benefits on to borrowers through lower interest rates. In addition, the impacts of lender/borrower relationship factors were relatively small. 相似文献
44.
P. Eddy Wilson 《Journal of Business Ethics》1993,12(10):779-784
45.
Lars Tummers Brenda Vermeeren Bram Steijn Victor Bekkers 《Public Management Review》2013,15(8):1041-1059
Abstract Nowadays, public policies often focus on economic values, such as efficiency and financial transparency. Public professionals often resist implementing such policies. We analyse this using the concept of ‘role conflicts’. We use a novel approach by conceptualizing and measuring role conflicts on the policy level, thereby linking policy implementation and social psychology research. We construct and test scales for policy-client, policy-professional and organizational-professional role conflicts. Using survey data, we show that policy-professional and policy-client role conflicts negatively influence the willingness of public professionals to implement policies. In concluding, we conceptualized and measured three role conflicts that can occur during policy implementation. 相似文献
46.
Based on a sample of 154 organizations across Canada, we examined the influence of the use of different employee selection methods on workplace minority representation rates. Results indicated that usage of cognitive ability and personality testing significantly influences minority representation after controlling for other diversity management practices. In particular, cognitive ability testing appears to be associated with lower levels of minority group representation in organizations as a whole and in their management ranks; personality testing is associated with higher levels of minority representation in organizations. To advance our understanding of the organizational factors that influence minority group representation and the use of different selection practices, we also examined HR manager perceptions of test bias and the effects of employment equity (EEA) legislation on selection test usage. Results indicated that firms covered under employment equity legislation were less likely to use cognitive ability tests. Interestingly, HR managers reported that personality tests may be more biased against minorities than cognitive ability tests. Implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
47.
Jelle Schepers Wim Voordeckers Tensie Steijvers Eddy Laveren 《Small Business Economics》2014,43(1):39-55
Drawing on socioemotional wealth (SEW) literature, this paper revisits the established entrepreneurial orientation (EO)–performance relationship in a family business context. The main idea in entrepreneurship literature is that EO leads to increased firm performance. We question this logic in a family business context because family related non-financial goals, like SEW, may prevent the firm to reap the fruits of their entrepreneurial efforts. Specifically, we argue that SEW engenders inefficiencies that place constraints on the realization of the benefits of entrepreneurship. Therefore, we propose that a high level of SEW preservation hinders the transmission of the family firm’s EO into positive performance effects. To test this hypothesis, an empirical study was developed using a sample of 232 Belgian private family firms. Robust linear regression analysis reveals that the positive effect of EO on financial performance decreases as the level of SEW preservation increases. 相似文献
48.
We compare different methodological approaches to predicting the welfare effects of trade policy experiments. We focus on studies that estimate the economic effects of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Methodologically, the studies can be divided into those employing computable general equilibrium (CGE) models and structural gravity (SG) models. We compare and critically discuss differences in the estimated trade cost reductions and in the economic models employed, and how these can explain the relatively wide range of economic effects found in the different TTIP studies. We conclude that reasonable estimates of the welfare effects for the TTIP partners are between 0.5% and 2%. 相似文献
49.
This study examines macro‐level organisational determinants of women in management. Specifically, we examined organisational characteristics and strategies, including firm levels of internationalisation, firm foreign ownership, chief executive officer gender and the active recruitment of women, as predictors of an organisation's level of representation of women in management. Results from a survey of 278 firms indicated that the presence of a female chief executive officer and an organisation's active recruitment of women are positively associated with a firm's percentage of women in management while firm internationalisation and firm foreign ownership are negatively associated with the representation of women in management. Overall, these findings suggest that although firms exercise discretion with respect to hiring and promoting women, they are also constrained by the external environment and organisational characteristics. For example, firms with higher levels of firm internationalisation and that are foreign‐owned may limit their efforts and investment in the advancement of women into management. 相似文献
50.
This study examined individual difference characteristics as predictors of business students’ attitudes toward sustainable
business practices. Three types of predictors were considered: personal values, individualism–collectivism, and leadership
styles. Data were collected from 248 business students attending a mid-sized university in western United States using self-reported
questionnaires. Few gender differences were present. Hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for personal demographic
characteristics, indicated that business students scoring higher on Rokeach’s social value scale, collectivism, and transformational
leadership also reported more positive attitudes toward sustainable business practices. Implications for research and practice
are discussed. 相似文献