Investments in education for trade

In spite of its importance for the economy, trade in developing countries has been falling short of the attention it deserves in discussions about development policies. It is all the more necessary, therefore, henceforth to make the very existence, and the increasing use, of trade consulting services part and parcel of development strategy.     

The trade union response to agency labour in Britain

The growth of agency work in recent years has posed a challenge to trade unions, which must decide if they will accept agency workers as part of their constituency and accept employment agencies as legitimate labour‐market actors. This article analyses the reaction of British unions to agency work and identifies four main responses: exclusion, replacement, regulation and engagement. It concludes with an evaluation of union policies, which stresses the need for unions to secure broad regulation of the agency labour market either through multi‐employer bargaining or employment law.     

Inflation dispersion and central bank accommodation of supply shocks

Zusammenfassung Internationale Streuung der Inflationsraten und das Auffangen von Angebotsschocks durch die Zentralbank. -Dieser Aufsatz untersucht, ob die Zunahme in der Streuung der Inflationsraten zwischen zehn Industriel?ndern in den siebziger Jahren darauf zurückgeführt werden kann, da? die Zentralbanken Angebotsschocks wie die ?lpreiserh?hung unterschiedlich stark aufgefangen haben. Dabei wird die Reaktion der Geldbeh?rden auf Angebotsschocks und zyklische Nachfrageschwankungen in einem Modell dargestellt. Die Hauptergebnisse sind, da? das Ausma?, in dem Angebotsschocks aufgefangen wurden, von Land zu Land erheblich variiert hat und da? ein gro?er Teil der verst?rkten Streuung der Inflationsraten in den siebziger Jahren mit ziemlicher Sicherheit diesem Verhalten zugeschrieben werden kann.

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Résumé Dispersion internationale d'inflation et I'accomodarion de la banque centrale aux chocs d'offre. -Cet article analyse si l'augmentation de la dispersion des taux d'inflation entre dix pays industriels dans les années soixante-dix peut être associée à la mesure différente avec laquelle les banques centrales ont accommodé aux chocs d'offre, par example aux augmentations du prix pétrolier. La réponse des autorités monétaires aux chocs d'offre et aux changements cycliques de demande est reproduit dans un modèle. Les résultats principaux sont que le degré d'accommodation aux chocs d'offre était apparemment assez différent parmi les pays et qu'une grande partie de la dispersion des taux d'inflation augmentée dans les années soixante-dix peut être contribuée raisonnablement à ce comportement.

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Resumen Dispersión de las tasas de inflación y acomodacion de shocks de oferta através del banco central. -Este trabajo examina si el aumento de la dispersión de las tasas de inflación de diez países industrializados en los a?os setenta puede estar relacionada con las distintas formas de acomodación por parte de los bancos centrales de shocks de oferta como el de la suba del precio del petróleo. La respuesta de las autoridades monetarias a los shocks de oferta y a movimientos de la demanda es incorporada a un modelo. Se concluye que el grado de acomodación de shocks de oferta parece haber variado considerablemente según los países y que gran parte de la mayor dispersión de las tasas de inflación en los a?os setenta se debe a este comportamiento.

     

Future fiscal and budgetary shocks

We study the effects of future tax and budgetary shocks in a non-monetary and possibly non-Ricardian economy. An (unanticipated) temporary labor tax cut to be effective on a given future date—a delayed “debt bomb”—causes at once a drop in the (unit) value placed on the firms' business asset, the customer, with the result that share prices, the hourly wage, and employment drop in tandem. This paradox of reduced activity through announcement of future “stimulus” does not hinge on an upward jump of long interest rates. A future tax-rate cut lacking a “sunset” provision has the same negative effects.     

AGRICULTURAL POLICY AS A SOCIAL ENGINEERING TOOL: A NEW JERSEY CASE STUDY

This study uses logistic regression to examine the preferences for social engineering policies in the agricultural sector in a New Jersey case study. It finds that farm operators are unlikely to support a policy allowing countries to restrict trade to pursue domestic economic and social policy goals if the policies affect international trade. In particular, it suggests that farm operators with annual gross sales including government payments between $500 000 and $999 999 are 80 percent less likely to indicate such a preference. Farm operators with advanced degrees, some college education, and a high school diploma are also unlikely to indicate such a preference. In contrast, farm operators who receive no income from farming or ranching and those who receive a percentage of family income from farming or ranching indicate that countries should be allowed to restrict trade to pursue domestic economic and social policy goals even if the policies affect international trade.     

».96 nach Holsti« Zur Reliabilität von Inhaltsanalysen und deren Darstellung in kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften

The reliability coefficient is the only quality measure in content analysis. It is determined by reliability tests, the design of which is of crucial importance for the evaluation of the coefficients and for concluding that a given content analysis is, all things considered, reliable. This study of content analyses in German, European and American scholarly communication journals of the last ten years investigates whether, and if so: how, reliability tests were presented. Results reveal a considerable deficit in documentation: In German and European journals, reliability is mostly not mentioned at all. When reliability coefficients are mentioned, often information on the sample and the tested coders is missing. It is not infrequent that reliability is expressed in obscure mean values for all or for selected variables. In conclusion, the article demands that information on the reliability of the variables analyzed is not only related in the future, but also that the design of reliability tests be documented.