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961.
Implementation and Renegotiation 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
The paper characterizes the choice rules that can be implemented when agents are unable to commit themselves not to renegotiate the mechanism. 相似文献
962.
Shawn D. Howton Eric James Higgins & Timothy B. Biggart 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2000,27(5&6):711-732
This paper examines the stock market reaction and analysts' earnings forecast revisions associated with just-in-time (JIT) inventory system adoption announcements. The stock market reaction is positive, however, analysts do not revise their earnings forecasts when firms announce a JIT adoption. The results of the paper show mixed support for the hypothesis that JIT is viewed by markets as a costly capital expenditure intended to increase the net cash flows of the firm and mixed support for the hypothesis that JIT is viewed by markets only as an accounting change. 相似文献
963.
Paul E. Bierly III Eric M. Stark Eric H. Kessler 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2009,26(5):551-565
The fundamental dynamics of virtual and traditional face-to-face teams may be very different. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine and assess the moderating effects of virtuality on the antecedents and outcome of trust, where virtuality is measured along a continuum from face to face (no virtuality) to fully virtual rather than the more common approach of dichotomizing teams into two groups (i.e., face to face and virtual). The sample includes 116 different new product development teams from a variety of industries. The antecedents of trust that are studied are familiarity, goal clarity, training, relationship conflict, and process conflict. The outcome of trust is analyzed by determining how the impact of trust on cooperation changes as the level of virtuality changes. Primary findings are as follows: (1) Relationship conflict can be more detrimental to virtual teams than face-to-face teams because it is very difficult for team members of virtual teams to resolve their interpersonal disputes; (2) goal clarity is more important for face-to-face teams and less important for virtual teams in creating trust among team members; and (3) the impact of trust on cooperation is less for virtual teams than face-to-face teams. The primary implication for researchers and practice of these findings is that the role and importance of trust in virtual teams needs to be reevaluated. Managers using virtual teams need to realize that interpersonal relationships in virtual teams do not evolve in the same manner as face-to-face teams and may require different management techniques to be successful. 相似文献
964.
Markov Perfect Equilibrium: I. Observable Actions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We define Markov strategy and Markov perfect equilibrium (MPE) for games with observable actions. Informally, a Markov strategy depends only on payoff-relevant past events. More precisely, it is measurable with respect to the coarsest partition of histories for which, if all other players use measurable strategies, each player's decision-problem is also measurable. For many games, this definition is equivalent to a simple affine invariance condition. We also show that an MPE is generically robust: if payoffs of a generic game are perturbed, there exists an almost Markovian equilibrium in the perturbed game near the initial MPE. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C73. 相似文献
965.
Lawrence W.C. Lai S.K. Wong Eric C.K. Ho K.W. Chau 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2008,20(1):34-51
Applying the corollary of the Coase Theorem to the development market developed in Lai et al. (2007a) , we evaluate the proposition that procedural steps to use resources are not contingent on property rights assignment, unless the associated transaction costs are positive or property rights are ambiguous. Using aggregate statistics regarding planning applications for residential use, property prices, construction costs, share prices, interest rates, and application success rates in Hong Kong from 1985 to 2005, we evaluated, using regression techniques, the null hypothesis that there was no change in the relationship between readiness for submission of planning applications and property prices in response to changes in the time limits imposed on planning permissions . The relationship was more pronounced or strengthened (less obvious or weakened) when time limits were first imposed and shorter (longer). This can be explained in terms of the transaction costs of switching resource allocation according to the time limit. 相似文献
966.
Why Do Absolute Returns Predict Volatility So Well? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Our objective is volatility forecasting, which is core to manyrisk management problems. We provide theoretical explanationsfor (i) the empirical stylized fact recognized at least sinceTaylor (1986) and Ding, Granger, and Engle (1993) that absolutereturns show more persistence than squared returns and (ii)the empirical finding reported in recent work by Ghysels, Santa-Clara,and Valkanov (2006) showing that realized absolute values outperformsquare return-based volatility measures in predicting futureincrements in quadratic variation. We start from a continuoustime stochastic volatility model for asset returns suggestedby Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (2001) and study the persistenceand linear regression properties of various volatility-relatedprocesses either observed directly or with sampling error. Wealso allow for jumps in the asset return processes and investigatetheir impact on persistence and linear regression. Extensiveempirical results complement the theoretical analysis. 相似文献
967.
Eric Hazard Lotje De Vries Mamadou Alimou Barry Alexis Aka Anouan Nicolas Pinaud 《The World Economy》2009,32(11):1563-1585
(1250) Eric Hazard, Lotje De Vries, Mamadou Alimou Barry and Alexis Aka Anouan, with Nicolas Pinaud African countries have deepened their commercial and diplomatic relationships with China and India, and Senegal has been no exception. The historical context of the relationships, however, has differed. While Senegal already enjoyed a long‐lasting and stable relationship with India, relations with China have been more erratic, in particular on account of Dakar’s recognition of the Republic of China. We analyse trade and investment patterns with the Asian Drivers and how Senegal can form a relationship with these two superpowers that can contribute to its national development objectives. Contrary to other countries in Africa, Senegal is not a large producer of natural resources other than phosphates and fisheries and its consumer market is also rather limited. We find scarce evidence of large‐scale FDI flows and the amount of official development assistance is similarly anecdotic. For China and India, Senegal is of some interest as a logistical and commercial centre, rather than a production base for regional or foreign markets. Over the longer run, as these two countries are likely to become more important for Senegal simply on account of their increasing relevance on the world stage, we argue that it is essential that the authorities take these factors into account in developing policies that cater for economic development and social priorities. 相似文献
968.
In this sharp and revealing book, Wendy Gamber sheds new lighton a fascinating topic that historians generally overlook: thenineteenth-century American boardinghouse. Gamber begins byreminding us that although contemporary commentators celebratedprivately owned homes as domestic oases in the desert of marketcapitalism, boardinghouses remained ubiquitous institutionsthat shaped the experiences of countless city inhabitants before1900. In seven thematic chapters, she weaves a colorful tapestryof boardinghouse life. Early chapters focus on the challengesthat women 相似文献
969.
Kamar Ehud; Karaca-Mandic Pinar; Talley Eric 《Jnl. of Law, Economics, and Organization》2009,25(1):107-133
This article investigates whether the passage and the implementationof the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) drove firms out of thepublic capital market. To control for other factors affectingexit decisions, we examine the post-SOX change in the propensityof American public targets to be bought by private acquirersrather than public ones with the corresponding change for foreignpublic targets, which were outside the purview of SOX. Our findingsare consistent with the hypothesis that SOX induced small firmsto exit the public capital market during the year followingits enactment. In contrast, SOX appears to have had little effecton the going-private propensities of larger firms. (JEL G30,G34, G38, K22) 相似文献
970.
When subjects choose their own treatment (are self-selected into treatments based on their varying compliance with assignment to treatment states), many of the well-developed techniques of randomization-based experimental design and analysis are no longer applicable. With random assignment to treatment and control conditions, we can reasonable assume that over many replications, the two groups will be similar in all respects (observed and not observed) but that of receiving the treatment. With non-random assignment, it may be true that the groups differ on the variable of interest prior to receiving the treatment, and that a measured post-treatment difference (or lack thereof) will be erroneously attributed to the treatment. Our approach involves making all subjects aware of the availability of the treatment, but then offering extra encouragement (an encouragement design) to participate in the treatment to a randomly selected half of the population. If the encouragement is successful, we show how this leads to an estimable treatment effect (with associated asymptotic standard error).An illustrative example using fictitious data is presented in which we measure the effects of coupon books on store purchase behavior. A randomly selected half of the customers at a given store are assigned to receive coupon books as part of a package of store materials (the treatment condition) whereas the other half are not. We overlay on this initial randomized design an encouragement condition in which a second randomly chosen half of the store's customers receive their materials from an employee (encouraging participation with the treatment), and for the other half the materials were simply placed on a table. The market share of persons who chose to take the coupon book was 44% and 20% from those who did not. A naive estimate of the effect of the treatment is 24%; however this estimate ignores the self-selection bias (those persons assigned to receive the coupon book but refused to take it, and those not assigned who picked one up anyway). Using the encouragement design estimator derived leads to a lower estimated impact of the treatment at 5%. The difference in these results may have significant impact on the choice by store management to utilize employees to hand out promotional materials.Eric T. Bradlow is Assistant Professor of Marketing and Statistics 相似文献